SN

Anthropogenic activity

Primary causes of anthropogenic activity

Indicator

Extent of anthropogenic activity

absent (0)

low (1)

moderate (2)

severe (3)

1

Woody extraction

Pole for house construction and firewood

stump < 15 cm

None

1 - 20

21 - 50

>50

Timber

stump > 15 cm

None

1 - 10

11 - 25

>25

Cultivation

farm/cleared area

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

Mining

cleared area that excavated

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

Charcoal

charcoal kiln

None

1 - 2

3 - 6

>6

stumps close to charcoal kiln

None

1 - 20

21 - 50

>50

2

Woody thinning and pruning

Beekeeping

beehive/ pruned woody species/traces

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

3

Livestock grazing

Pasture/water

livestock faeces

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

browsing traces

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

4

Fires

Hunting/

Beekeeping/

Cultivation

burnt stumps

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

ashes

None

occasional

frequent

heavily

5

SN; 1, 2, 3 and 4

Human activities

foot paths

None

occasional

frequent

heavily