Family	Botanical name	Local name	Plant part		Extract	Active chemical constituents	Dose (mg/kg)	Test model	Anti-diabetic effects	Antioxidant activity	Ref.
Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava (L.)	Peyara	Leaf and Fruit		Aqueous	Terpen, Flavonoid, Strictinin, Isostrictinin, Pedunculagin, and Polysaccharides	50 - 800 mg/kg	Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level, Performed various anti-diabetic effect, and hypoglycemic effect	Showed high antioxidant activity. Fruit extracts exhibited weaker antioxidant effects than did the leaf extracts	[19] [20] [21]
Liliaceae	Allium cepa	Peyaj	Bulb		_	_	200 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Controlled the activity of glucose 6 phosphatase and HMG-CO a reductase	_	[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27]
	Asparagus racemosus	Satamuli	Root		Ethanolic	Steroidal, Saponins, Polyphenols (1.69%), Phytosterols (0.79%), Ascorbic acid (0.76%), and Flavonoids (0.48%)	1·25 g/kg	Type1 and type 2diabetic rats	Suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia, reversibly increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut, enhanced glucose transport and insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes	Showed antioxidant activity
	Aloe vera	Ghritkumari	Leaf		Ethanolic	Pseudoprototinosaponin AIII, and Prototinosaponins AIII	200 and 300 Mg/kg P.o., 28d	Alloxan induced diabetic mice	Glucose uptake and insulin released against glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis pathway	Showed high antioxidant activity
Apocynaceae	Catharanthus roseus	Nayantara	Full plant		_	Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Flavonoids	0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 ml/kg	Alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.	Dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose was observed	Showed high antioxidant activity (81.70%).	[28] [29] [30] [31] [32]
Apocynaceae	Alstonia Scholaris	Saptaparni Devil’s tree, Chaitan, Chatim	Leaf		Ethanolic	Alkaloids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Tannins, Steroids, and Glycosides	100, 200, and 400 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[28] [29] [30] [31] [32]
Alliaceae	Allium sativum	Ada	Bulb	Ethanolic		-	0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Garlic alcoholic extract significantly decreased serum glucose	Allium sativum (L.) was rich in antioxidants which helped destroy free radicals’ particles that could damage cell membranes and DNA.	[33] [34] [35]
Solanaceae	Capsicum frutescens	Lal morich	Fruit				40 mg/kg	Type 2 diabetes model of rats	Increased serum insulin concentration in high fat diet	-	[36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
	Capsicum annum	Red pepper	Fruit	Ethanolic		Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester Cap-Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester Capsaicin, Dihtdrocapsaicin, hytolkauran16-ol, Eugenol, 1, 2-benzedicarbixylic acid	Cap- Saicin, dihydrocapsaicin, tridecanoic acid, phytol, Kauran-16-ol, eugenol and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) este 300 mg/kg	Type 2 diabetes rats.	Amelioration of polyphagia, polydipsia And hyperglycemia, improving glucose tolerance Ability, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell histology And functions, and improving dyslipidemia Improved hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, glucose tolerance ability, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia	_
	Solanum torvum Swartz	Tit baegun	Fruit	Methanolic		Methyl caffeate	10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level, increased insulin level, Increased expression level of GLUT4	-
	Datura stramonium L	Shada dhutura	Leaves	Aqueous crude extract		Flavonoids, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols	-	In vitro	Showed α-amylase inhibitory activity	_
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Aswagandha	Root, Leaf	Ethanolic		Flavonoids	100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Increased insulin secretion, Decreased oxidative stress.	Showed high antioxidant activity
Annonaceae	Annona squamosa	Ata	Leaf	Aqueous		Flavonoid	55 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced the concentration of glucose	A. squamosa leaf extracts showed antioxidant activity due to presence of flavonoids in the leaf, which in turn act as strong superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen quenchers.	[44] [45] [46]
	Ananus Cosmosus	Anaras	Leaves			Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Annonaceous, Acetogenins, Megastigmanes, Cyclopeptides, and Essentialoils	_	In vitro	Enhananced insulin sentivity, Regulated the activities of glycogen metabolizing enzymes	Showed antioxidant activity
Acanthaceae	Andrographis paniculata	Kalomegh	Leaf	Ethanolic		Diterpenoid, Flavonoids, and Polyphenols	0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/body weight	Normal and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Showed antidiabetic effect by increasing glucose metabolism. It also gived hypotriglyceriemic effect	Showed antioxidant activity	[47] [48]
Lauraceae	Cinnamon zeylaniucm	Daruchini	Bark	Chloroformic		Cinnamaldehyde (71.50%), Linalool (7.00%), Beta-caryophyllene (6.40%), Eucalyptol (5.40%), and Eugenol (4.60%)	20 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Insulinotropic effect due to glucose uptake increased through the glucose transporter translocation	-	[49]
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma longa	Holud	Bark	Ethanolic		Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, and Ar-turmerone	1500 mg/kg /d	Type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice	EtOH extract stimulated human adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the blood glucose level	In the DPPH assay, Curcuma longa showed excellent scavenging against the radical	[50]
Caesalpiniaceae	Tamarindus indica	Tetul	Seed	Aqueous		_	80 mg/100g	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Showed some important antidiabetic activity with attenuation of hyperglycemia	_	[51]
Piperaceae	Piper betle	Betel	Leaf	Aqueous, Ethanolic		_	100, 200, 300 and 1500 mg/kg	Normoglycemic and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Showed strong antidiabetic activity	Showed high antioxidant activity	[28] [52] [53] [54] [55]
	Piper cubeba L.f	Kabab chini	Fruit	Methanolic		Phenols, Flavonoids	-	In vitro	Showed α-amylase inhibitory activit, Increased glucose uptake	Showed high antioxidant activity
	Piper longum L.	Pipul, Pipla	Roots	Aqueous		Pipperin, Pippalartin, Pipperleguminin, Sterols, and Glycosides, Piperlongumine	200 mg/kg for 30 days	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level, Increased insulin level	Showed high antioxidant activity
Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus esculentus	Dherosh	Grain			_	500 g/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced the glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]
	Achyranthes aspera L	Udvid nagra	Leaves	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Phenol, Flavonoids, Saponins, Carbohydrates, Steroids, and Terpenoids	1000 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased blood glucose	Showed high antioxidant activity
	Amaranthus spinosus L.	Katanotey	Leaf	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Saponin, Carbohydrate, Tannin, Protein, Glycoside, Flavonoid, and Phenol	450 mg/kg	Diabetic rat	Inhibited alpha amylase activity	Showed antioxidant activity
Scrophulariaceae	Scoparia dulcis	Chinigura	Whole plant	Aqueous		_	200 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced blood glucose, increased plasma insulin level	Decreased free radical formation in tissues (liver and kidney)	[62]
Gramineae	Hordeum vulgare	Barley	Fruit	Ethanolic		Phenol	200 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased blood glucose level	_	[63]
Apiaceae	Cuminum nigrum	Cumin	Seeds	_		Flavonoids, Alkaloids	0.5 to 1.5 g/kg	Alloxan-diabetic rabbits	Exhibited considerable hypoglycemic activity	_	[4] [56] [64]
Apiaceae	Centella asiatica (L.)	Thankuni	Leaf	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Glycosides, Steroids, Flavonoids, Tannins, and Reducing sugars	500 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Decreased glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[4] [56] [64]
Gentianaceae	Swertia chirayita	Tite or Pothi Chirayita or Tikta	Leaf	Aqueous		Mangiferin	200 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Increased the plasma insulin, Reduced blood sugar	Showed antioxidant activity	[65]
Asteraceae	Eugenia jambolana	Jam	Fruitpulp	Ethanolic		Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, and Triterpenoids	50, 100, 200 mg/kg	Alloxan-induced diabetic rat	Increased glucose tolerance activity	_	[66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
Asteraceae	Eclipta alba L	Bhringoraj or Bhringraj	Leaves	Ethanolic		Carbohydrates, Terpanoids, Lactones, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Esters, Steroids, Tannins	200 mg/kg for 30 days	Alloxen induced diabetic mice	Decreased glucose level, increased insulin level	_	[66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
	Enhydra fluctuans Lour.	Helencha, harkuch	Aerial Herbs	Ethanolic		Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenolic, Terpenoids, Steroids, and Coumarin compounds	500 mg/kg	Alloxan induced type −2 diabetic rat	Decreased blood glucose, Showed hypoglycemic effect	Showed antioxidant activity
	Blumea lacera	Bonomula, shealmoti.	Aerial part, Leaf	Methanolic		Carbohydrates, Saponins, Tannins, Phenols, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Reducing Sugar, Steroids, Alkaloids, Glycosides	400 mg/kg	Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat	Reduced blood glucose level, showed antihyperglycemic effect, Showed α-amylase inhibitory activity	Showed antioxidant activity
Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica	Neem	Leaf	_		Flavonoids, Tannins, Sterols, Saponins, Anthraquinones, and Alkaloids	25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9 and 350 mg/kg	Alloxan-induced white male albino mice	The extract lowered blood glucose at all dosages in a dose independent manner	_	[72] [73]
Meliaceae	Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.	mahagoni	Bark	Methanolic		_	25 and 50 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Showed strong hypoglycemic activity	Showed high antioxidant activity	[72] [73]
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica	Mango	Leaf	Aqueous		_	1 g/kg	Normoglycaemic, glucose-induced hyperglycaemic mice, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice	Reduced blood glucose level	_	[74] [75]
Anacardiaceae	Spondias pinnata	Amra	Fruits	Methanolic		Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, and Terpenoids	-	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Decreased glucose level, Decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol, Decreased LDL, and VLDL, Increased HDL	-	[74] [75]
Malvaceae	Abelmoschus moschatus	Muskok dana		Aqueous		Myricetin	100 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Significantly attenuated the increase of plasma glucose	_	[76]
Legumes	Glycine max	Soyabeans	Seed	_		3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol (D-pinitol)	1.2 g	Type 2 diabetes mellitus (seven men, eight women; 60.3 +/- 3.1 years old	Controlled postprandial capillary blood glucose the most effectively	_	[77]
Moraceae	Ficus bengalensis	Bot	Arial root	Aqueous		_	300 mg/kg	Sub and mild disbetic rats	Decreased blood glucose level	_	[36] [78] [79] [80] [81]
	Ficus benghalensis L.	Bat	Leaves	Ethanolic		Phenolics, Terpenoids/ Terpenes	200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg body weight	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Decreased glucose level, Decreased triglycerides, and cholesterol,	Showed antioxidant activity
	Ficus racemosa L	Joiggi dumur	Stem, Bark	Aqueous, Ethanolic		Tannin, Wax, Saponingluanol acetate, Β-sitosterol, Leucocyanidin- 3 - O - b - d-glucopyrancoside, Leucopelargonidin-3	Aqueous extract – 500 mg/kg & ethanol extract – 400 mg/kg)	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased blood glucose	Showed antioxidant activity
Moringaceae	Moringa oleifera	Shojna	Pods	Methanolic		_	150 or 300 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced serum glucose levels, increased serum insulin levels	Increased antioxidant levels in pancreatic tissue	[82]
Caricaceae	Carica papaya	Papaya	Leaf	Ethanolic		Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Triterpenoids, Alkaloids	250, 500, 1000 mg/kg	Alloxan induced diabetic rats	Decreased blood glucose level	_	[83]
Lamiaceae	Mentha piperita	Pudina	Leaf	Ethanolic		_	300 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased the level of blood glucose and creatinine as well as increased level of insulin, glycogen, and body weight	_	[84] [85]
Lamiaceae	Ocimum sanctum L	Tulsi	Leaves	Ethanolic		Saponins, Triterpines, and Flavonoids, Tannins, Alkaloids,	200 mg/kg i.p	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Reduced blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[84] [85]
Musaceae	Musa paradisiaca	Kala	Leaves, Fruit peels	Ethanolic		-	500 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced blood glucose level	-	[86] [87]
Euphorbiaceae	Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica L	Amla,	Seeds	Aqueous		Flavonoids, Gallic acids	300 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance	Showed antioxidant activity	[88]
Araceae	Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume	Ol	Tuber	Methanolic		Betulinic acid, Tricontane, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, Sitosterol	400 mg/kg	Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT)	Inhibited amylase activity, Decreased glucose level, Reduced glycated hemoglobin, and nitric oxide, Increased insulin level	Showed antioxidant activity	[28] [45] [89] [90]
Araceae	Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don Or Alocasia indica	Mankachu	Rizome	Methanolic		Flavonoids, Cynogenetic glycosides, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Malic acid, Oxalic acid, Alocasin, Amino acids, Succinic acid, and Βeta-lectins	500 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Stimulated insulin secretion from beta cell	Showed antioxidant activity	[28] [45] [89] [90]
Combretaceae	Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.	Bohera	Fruit	Aqueous		Termilignan, Thannilignan, 7-hydroxy-30, 40 -(methylenedioxy) flavone, Anolignan B, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, b-sitosterol, Arjungenin, Belleric acid, Bellericoside, and Cannogenol 3-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 ! 4)-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside	p.o.-up to 11 days; 120 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Decreased glucose level, Stimulated both the secretion and action of insulin, inhibited protein glycation	Showed antioxidant activity	[1] [7] [10] [36]
Combretaceae	Terminalia chebula	Hortoki	Fruit, Seed	Ethanolic, Chloroform, Aqueous		Shikimic, Gallic, Triacontanoic, Palmitic acid, β -sitosterol, Daucosterol	p.o.-1 month;200mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level	_	[1] [7] [10] [36]
Cucurbitaceae,	Coccinia grandis (L.)	Telakucha,	Leaves, Fruits	Aqueous		ẞ-Sitosterol, Cephalandrol, Cephalandrine A & B,	200 mg/kg for 14 days	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Reduced glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[1] [7] [18] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98]
	Momordica charantia L	Karolla, Uchhe, Usta	Whole plant	Methanolic, Aqueous, Chloroformic		Momordicin, Galactose-binding lectin non -bitter, Diosgenin, Cholestero l, Lanosterol, β -sitosterol, Cucurbitacin glycoside	p.o., 27 -30d; 10 -20 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice	Decreased glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, and oxidative stress, increased glycogen, Decreased lipid peroxidation	Showed antioxidant activity
	Momordica dioica	Kakrol	Fruit	Methanolic		Lectins, β-sitosterol, Saponin glycosides, Triterpenes of ursolic acid, Hederagenin, Oleanolic acid, Stearic acid, Gypsogenin, and Momodicaursenol	300 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced serum glucose, Increased serum insulin and urea levels	Showed antioxidant activity
	Luffa cylindrica L.	Dhundul.	Fruit	Methanolic		Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoides, Tannins, Terpenoids, Sterols, Saponins, Fats, and Sugars	400 mg/kg	Alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats	Showed hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects	Showed antioxidant activity
	Luffa acutangula	Zinga, Sponge ground	Fruit	Methanolic		Carbohydrates, Saponins, Phenol, Amino acid, Flavonoids	400 mg/kg	Stroptozotocine induced diabetic rat	Showed alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity	Showed antioxidant activity
Flacourtiaceae	Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr	Katabohori/Boichi	Leaves	Ethanolic		-	-	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Alterated fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglycerides	-	[99] [100]
Rutaceae	Aegle marmelos	Bael	Leaf, Seed, Fruit	Ethanolic, Aqueous		Aegeline 2, Coumarin, Flavonoid, Alkaloid	I. p. 14d; p. o. 14d; 1.0 g/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level, Decreased glycosylated hemoglobin, Increased C peptide, increased glucose tolerance, increased glycogen,	Showed antioxidant activity	[7] [101]
Sterculiaceae	Heretiera fomes	Sundri	Leaves	Methanolic		Saponins, reducing sugars, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Steroids, and Gums	-	In vitro	Showed α amylase inhibitory activity, Increased glucose adsorption	Showed antioxidant activity	[102] [103]
Asparagaceae	Asparagus racemosus L.	Sotomuli	Whole plant	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols, Terpenes, Polysaccharides, and Steroids	200 and 400 mg/kg for 21 days	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Significantly decreased the blood glucose level, significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and significantly increased in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase	Showed antioxidant activity	[36] [104]
Poaceae	Cynodon dactylon (L.)	Durva, Dub, Dubla, Durba, Doorva, Neel Doorva	Whole plant	Aqueous		Flavonoids, Sterols	500 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level, Decreased TC, Decreased TG, Decreased LDL, Increased HDL	_	[105] [106]
Lythraceae	Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers	Jarul	Leaves	90% ethanolic		Polyphenol, Corosolic acid	-	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Increased insulin secretion, decreased glucose level, improved hyperlipidemia, and recovered the beta cell of langerhans islet	-	[107] [108]
Missociaceae	Mimosa pudica L.	Lojjaboti	Leaves	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Tannins and Flavonoids	600 mg/kg	Alloxen induced diabetic rat	Reducted blood glucose level with respect to corresponding control	-	[109] [110]
Fabaceae	Trigonella foenum-graecum L	Methi	Leaves	Ethanolic		Vitamin C, E and β carotene, Phenolics	250 and 500 mg/kg for 28 days	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Decreased glucose level,	Showed high antioxidant activity	[36] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115]
	Sesbania sesban	jainti, jayant	Leaves	Aqueous		Triterpenoids, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Amino acids, Proteins, Tannins, Saponins Glycosides	500 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced serum glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity
	Erythrina variegata	Tiger’s Claw, coral tree	Leaf	Methanolic		Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, and Lectin	900 mg/kg	Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat	Showed plasma glucose lowering activity, Stimulated pancreatic β cells	Showed antioxidant activity
Menispermaceae	Tinospora cordifolia	Gulancha lota	Stem	Methanolic		-	500 mg/kg for 6 weeks	Alloxan induced diabetic rat	Reduced blood glucose, decreased glycosylated, decreased hemoglobin, decreased cholesterol, Decreased free radicals’ levels	Showed high antioxidant activity	[38] [116]
Anacar-diaceae	Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.	Jiga	Bark	Ethanolic		Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Carbohydrate and Phenolics	500 mg/kg	Alloxan induced type-2 diabetic rat	Reduced blood glucose level significantly, Showed antihyperglycemic effect	Showed antioxidant activity	[117] [118]
Polypodiaceae	Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith	Pankhiraj, ferns	Stem, Rhizome	Methanolic		Epifriedelinol, Beta-amyrin, Beta-sitosterol, Beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3, 4 di hydroxyl benzoic acid, Acetyl lupeol, Aglycone naringenin, and Flavones glycoside	100 µg/ml	Alpha-amylase inhibition assay and glucose uptake assay	Showed antihyperglycemic effect Limited intestinal carbohydrate digestion, Maintained plasma glucose concentration	Showed antioxidant activity	[28] [119]
Verbenaceae	Clerodendrum viscosum Vent	Ghetu, Bhat.	Leaves	Ethanolic		Saponin, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, A new glycoside, Clerodendroside, Lupeol, Benzoic acid derivatives, and Beta-itosterol	500 mg/kg	Alloxan induce diabetic rat.	Reduced blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[120] [121]
Verbenaceae	Premna integrifolia	Agnimantha	Bark	Methanolic		Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Carotenoids, and Flavonoids	300 mg/kg	Alloxan induced diabetic rat	Decreased blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[120] [121]
Rubiaceae	Xeromphis uliginosa Retz		Root	Methanolic		Flavonoids, Tannins	500 mg/kg	Alloxan induced diabetic rat	Showed glucose lowering effect, and anti-hyperglycemic effect, Protected beta cell from destroy, and regeneration	Showed antioxidant activity	[122]
Asclepiadaceae	Gymnema sylvestre	Medha singi, Gorshar	Whole plant	Methanolic		Alkaloids, Polypeptide, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenols, Cinnamic acid, Folic acid, Ascorbic acid, Butyric acid, Tartaric acid	30 mg/day	Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats	Lowered blood glucose level (sugar destroyer), Showed antihyperglycemic effect	Showed antioxidant activity (reducing the oxidative stress in cells)	[28] [123] [124]
Scrophulariaceae,	Scoparia dulcis	Bon dhonia, Sweet Broom	Aerial Part	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycoside, Flavonoid, & Tannins	200 mg/kg	Alloxan induced diabetic rat	Changed serum glucose level, Showed antihyperglycemic effect	Showed antioxidant activity	[14] [125]
Brassicaceae	Brassica juncea	Mustard, Sarsu	Seed	Aqueous		Tannin, Terpenoid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Alkaloid, Phenols, and Cardiac glycoside	100 mg/kg	Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats	Showed antidiabetic activity, and hypoglycemic activity, Depleted serum insulin levels	Showed antioxidant activity	[126] [127]
Berberidaceae	Berberis aristata	Daruhaldi	Stem	Methanolic		Alkaloids, Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Saponins	500 mg/kg	Streptpzotocin induced diabetic rat	Reduced blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[128] [129]
Magnoliaceae	Michelia champaca	Sornochampa, champaka	Bark	Ethanolic		Phenolics, Flavonoids, Flavonols, and Proanthocyanidins, Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Sterols	_	In vitro	Showed α-amylase inhibitory activity	Showed antioxidant activity	[130]
Actnidaceae	Saurauia roxburghii	Bhola kadam	Leaves	Ethanolic		Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycosides, Flavonoids, Saponins, Terpenes, Steroids	2 g/kg	Alloxan induced diabetic rat	Lowered blood glucose level	Showed antioxidant activity	[121]
Leguminosae	Acacia catechu	Khoyer/ Khair	Bark	Ethanolic		Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavones, Tannins, Terpenes, Sterols, Saponins, Fats, and Sugars	400 mg/kg	Alloxen induce diabetic rat	Stimulated insulin secretion from beta cell	Showed antioxidant activity	[90] [131] [132]
Palmaceae	Areca catechu L.	Supari, betel nut,areca nut	Leaf	Methanolic		Flavonoids, Triterpenoid Compounds, Alkaloids, Steroids, Saponins, Tannins, Glycosides and Carbohydrates	200 mg/kg	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats	Reduced and normalized of elevated blood sugar levels	Showed antioxidant activity	[133] [134]