Indicators

Mean annual concentrations (μg∙m−3)

SO2

NH3

NO2

O3

PM2.5

PM10

WHO [36]

50

-.-

40

701

10

20

Background

1.3 ± 12.7

0.2 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.6

58 ± 251.7

2.6 ± 10

4.4 ± 28.7

Urban

2.3 ± 40.5

0.3 ± 0.2

5.4 ± 62.3

56.6 ± 358.3

6.7 ± 101

10.6 ± 187.5

Urban > 10 K

5.3 ± 150.5

-.-

16.1 ± 213.9

51.5 ± 308.1

6.9 ± 133.4

11.3 ± 189.2

Urban > 1 K

2.6 ± 38.5

0.2 ± 0.1

6.9 ± 81.5

54.2 ± 329.2

7.6 ± 125.2

11.5 ± 214.5

Urban 1 - 10 K

1.8 ± 10.4

0.2 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 8

55.2 ± 337.3

7.8 ± 121.5

11.7 ± 228.9

Urban < 1 K

1.6 ± 46.5

0.5 ± 0.01

1.5 ± 10.3

63.7 ± 445.9

3.6 ± 11.9

8.8 ± 138.1

Cfb

1 ± 2.9

0.08 ± 0.03

0.4 ± 0.2

61.9 ± 294.4

2.7 ± 3.3

3.9 ± 20.2

Cfc

0.9 ± 1.8

0.3 ± 0.5

0.2 ± 0.1

65.4 ± 281.7

-.-

-.-

Dfb

2.5 ± 31.2

0.3 ± 0.3

6.8 ± 81.9

61.4 ± 415.6

4.6 ± 27.5

9.1 ± 94.1

Dfc

1.3 ± 17.8

0.2 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 1.1

55.9 ± 321.2

8.4 ± 187.1

6.8 ± 164.9

Dsb

5.4 ± 171.5

-.-

-.-

45.6 ± 205.8

4.4 ± 44.5

10.2 ± 161

Dsc

-.-

-.-

6.0 ± 33.6

28.6 ± 56.6

-.-

-.-

Dwc

-.-

-.-

-.-

-.-

4.3 ± 19.1

17.3 ± 550.8

EF

5.6 ± 35.4

-.-

-.-

-.-

-.-

-.-

ET

0.3 ± 1.7

0.08 ± 0.02

0.2 ± 0.03

53.6 ± 217.5

5.7 ± 24.7

2.0 ± 15.3

Eurasia

1.5 ± 18.4

0.3 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.7

63.6 ± 394.6

5.0 ± 16.5

5.7 ± 16.1

Atlantic

1.4 ± 3.2

0.08 ± 0.01

-.-

71.7 ± 197.8

-.-

-.-

America

2.9 ± 65.8

-.-

9.7 ± 117.7

45.7 ± 227.3

6.1 ± 96.3

9.7 ± 184.3

<66.34 N

2.1 ± 25.1

0.3 ± 0.3

5.6 ± 66.0

54.9 ± 321

6.1 ± 89.1

8.3 ± 141.1

66.34 N - 70 N

1.5 ± 29.6

0.2 ± 0.2

1.4 ± 7.5

62.6 ± 335.6

3.5 ± 13.8

9 ± 96.8

>70 N

0.6 ± 3.7

0.08 ± 0.08

0.2 ± 0.03

57.9 ± 233

-.-

-.-

<100 m

1.8 ± 16.2

0.2 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 7.9

50.1 ± 237.7

5.4 ± 24.6

11.3 ± 225

100 m - 500 m

1.6 ± 29.4

0.3 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 6.2

61 ± 366.6

7.0 ± 140.4

7.1 ± 81.6

>500 m

1.9 ± 23.5

-.-

18.5 ± 254.9

57.1 ± 247.6

3.1 ± 14

5.4 ± 54.4