| Safety-I | Safety-II | |
| Features of the approach | Analytic approach | Synthetic approach |
| Definition of safety | The number of failures is small enough to be demanded | The number of successes is as high as possible |
| Purpose and type of safety management | · Prevent things from going wrong | · Make things work well under fluctuations and constraints |
| · Reactive safety management | · Advanced safety management | |
| Target of learning | Learn from failure cases | Learn from daily practice |
| How to understand the system to handle | · Static system without change (static system) | · Dynamic system that keeps changing from moment to moment (dynamic system) |
| · Easy-to-use system (tractable system) | · Cumbersome system (intractable system) | |
| How to perceive failure and success | The path of failure and success is different | Failure and success happen in the same way |
| Relationship between process and result | Linear model (causal relationship) | Non-linear model (interaction and feedback) |
| Human position in safety | Humans work negatively for safety and are a risk factor | Humans are essential to the safety and flexibility of the system |
| How to perceive performance fluctuations | Harmful and should be removed as much as possible | Irreversible, useful, monitored and managed |
| Points of interest | · What (event) happened | · What (phenomenon) is occurring in the behavior of the entire system |
| · Why it happened | · How it happens (interaction) |