Cases | Surgical sites | Procedures | Site of bleeding | Perioperative period | Cause of bleeding | Response and treatment | Support by caridiovascular surgeon | Circulation auxiliary equipment | Short-term outcome |
1 | L | LL → CP | Left main PA | Intraoperative | Median sternotomy, open heart sac, left main PA injury during left CP | With CPB, the proximal site of the injured left main PA was cut in the heart sac | 〇 | CPB | Survival |
2 | L | UL | 1) A1+2c branch | Postoperative | 1) On the postoperative 6th day after the lobectomy, hemorrhage from the cut-off part of A1+2c branch | 1) Redo thoracotomy, A1+2c branch was stitched to stop the bleeding | Survival | ||
LL (CP) | 2) A3 branch | Postoperative | 2) On the postoperative 3rd day after redo thoracotomy, re-bleeding of the A3 branch due to the rupture of infected vessel | 2) Median sternotomy, emergency artificial CPB, the left proximal main PA was cut in the heart sac to save the life by CP | 〇 | CPB | Survival | ||
3 | L | UL | A3 branch root | intraoperative | Massive bleeding of A3 root lacerations during upper lobe traction | A3 pull-out injury part was pinched with fingers, left main PA was taping with tourniquet tightening, biting with forceps, A3 pull-out site was sutured | Survival | ||
4 | L | UL | Staple cut-off edge of A1+2a branch | Intraoperative | Gauze-getting caught injury at the staple cut-off end of A1+2a branch | The bleeding site was cut with staple suture | Survival |