Cases | Surgical sites | Procedures | Site of bleeding | Perioperative period | Causes of bleeding | Response and treatment | Support by caridiovascular surgeon | Circulation auxiliary equipment | Short-term outcome |
1 | L | UL | PA in upper lobe | Postoperative | Adhesion peeling with ultrasonic scalpel injury | Suture hemostasis | Survival | ||
2 | L | UL | PA 1st brnch in upper lobe | Intraoperative | When one lung ventilation is released | Suture repair | 〇 | PCPS | Survival |
3 | L | UL | Proximal site of PA | Intraoperative | At the time of vascular forceps insetion | Hemostasis | Survival | ||
4 | L | UL | PA branch in upper lobe | Intraoperative | Forceps insertion injury | Hemostasis | Survival | ||
5 | L | UL | PA 1st branch in upper lobe | Intraoperative | Injury with suture needles | Suture hemostasis | 〇 | CPB | Survival |
6 | L | UL | A3 branch | Intraoperative | Adhesion | Pn | 〇 | Survival | |
7 | L | UL | A1+2a branch | Intraoperative | Vessel Sealing | Pn | Death | ||
8 | L | UL | Right atrial cleavage | Intraoperative | - | Suture closure | 〇 | CPB | Unknown |
9 | L | - | PA | - | - | Repair | 〇 | Unknown | |
10 | R | LL | Intermediate PA trunk rear surface | Intraoperative | Insertion of automatic suture | Life-saving treatment for cardiac arrest | Death | ||
11 | R | UL | A3 branch | Intraoperative | Adhesion | Suture closure of main PA in cardiac sac | Death | ||
12 | R | UL | A2 branch root | Intraoperative | During taping of the main PA trunk | Hemostasis of the damaged site | Death | ||
13 | R | UL | PA | Intraoperative | - | Hemostasis, partial resection of the lung | Survival | ||
14 | R | UL | A2 branch root | Intraoperative/postoperative | Postoperative bleeding at the same site of hemostasis due to the forceps insertion injury | Completion Pn | PCPS | Survival | |
15 | R | LL | - | Intraoperative | Vascular anastomosis | Suture closure | PCPS | Survival | |
16 | R | UL | PA damage when the excision of resected lung | Intraoperative | Massive bleeding | Thoracotomy, hemostasis | Survival | ||
17 | R | UL | - | Postoperative | Postoperative hemorrhage | Sudden vital change just before hemostasis | Death | ||
18 | R | LL | - | Postoperative | Mass hemorrhage | Life-saving treatment for cardiac arrest | Death | ||
19 | L | LL | Cut-end of lower PV | Postoperative, extubation | Hemodynamic changes due to backing during extubation | Suture hemostasis in cardiac sac | Unknown |