15

Smoking (≥20 pack years)

46.4% (65)

15.0% (63)

58.819

<0.001

16

Corticosteroid use

31.4% (44)

19.8% (83)

8.150

0.004

17

Diabetes- mellitus

9.3% (13)

10.2% (43)

0.106

0.745

18

Hypertension

39.3% (55)

13.3% (56)

44.499

<0.001

19

Coughing (post-op)

17.9% (25)

5.0% (21)

23.021

<0.001

20

Vomiting (post-op)

2.9% (4)

1.9% (8)

0.454

0.500

21

Malignancy

Local disease

35.0% (49)

19.8% (83)

13.533

<0.001

metastasis’

13.6% (19)

19.0% (80)

2.164

0,141

22

Wound infection

53.6% (75)

10.0% (42)

120.609

<0.001

23

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

30.0% (42)

15.0% (63)

15.508

<0.001