| Stoma [18] | Stoma [18] | Ileostomy [15] [19] | Colostomy [15] [19] | Children [20] |
Skin irritation | 0 | 12.31 | 0/33 | 0/7 | 20 - 30 |
Parastomal hernia | 14.1 | 1.18 | 6.7/22 | 7.5/40 | 1 |
Bleeding | 12.8 | 0.74 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1 - 10 |
Ischemia | 8.2 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | <1 |
Retraction | 5.9 | 4.52 | 4.5/11 | 6.8/13 | 2 - 4 |
Prolapse | 5.4 | 1.73 | 11/1 | 3.4/2 | 12 - 24 |
Stenosis | 4.3 | 1.67 | 2/0 | 1.5/1 | 3/0 |
Necrosis | 0 | 0.37 | 0/0 | 3.8/0 | <1 |