| Age | 71.5 ± 9.0 |
| Sex (male/female) | 24/14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 3.3 |
| Preoperative serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.9 |
| Operative procedure |
|
| PPPD | 24 |
| SSPPD | 7 |
| PD | 7 |
| Reconstruction of portal vein | 7 |
| Operation time (min) | 478 ± 98 |
| Blood loss (ml) | 1424 ± 1630 |
| Transfusion | 22 |
| Diagnosis |
|
| Pancreas cancer | 25 |
| Bile duct cancer | 7 |
| Cancer of ampulla of Vater | 3 |
| Others | 3 |
| Postoperative Laboratory tests |
|
| White blood cell (/μl) | 8971 ± 2831 |
| Serum amylase (IU/L) | 160 ± 185 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 13.9 ± 5.5 |
| Removal of drainage tube (days) | 17.2 ± 9.3 |
| Pancreatic fistula | 8 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 8 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 39.2 ± 11.7 |