Variable

Intervention group (n = 26)

Control group (n = 16)

Group comparison

P

Age

Average value (standard deviation)

52.92

(11.71)

42.87

(13.65)

t = 2.54

0.02*

First time smoking

Average value (standard deviation)

19.50

(5.60)

16.88

(5.73)

t = 1.46

0.15

Sex Male

Males; n (%)

19

(73%)

11.00

(69%)

χ² = 0.09

0.76

Female

Females; n (%)

7

(27%)

5.00

(45%)

FTND

Average value (standard deviation)

7.12

(2.25)

7.13

(5.44)

t = −0.01

0.99

TDS

Average value (standard deviation)

8.00

(1.74)

6.56

(2.66)

t = 1.92

0.07

KTSND

Average value (standard deviation)

17.08

(5.82)

17.94

(7.52)

t = −0.42

0.68

Smoking motivation

Average value (standard deviation)

5.70

(3.45)

4.91

(3.18)

t = 0.75

0.46

Confidence in being able to quit

Average value (standard deviation)

2.88

(3.00)

3.75

(3.01)

t = −0.90

0.38

Confidence to cope with smoking temptation

Average value (standard deviation)

3.55

(3.87)

2.78

(2.30)

t = 0.72

0.47

Stage of behavior change

Immediately; n (%)

11

(42%)

4

(25%)

χ² = 1.46

0.49

Within 6 months; n (%)

6

(23%)

4

(25%)

Period of concern; n (%)

9

(35%)

8

(50%)