Variable Name

Variable Symbol

Employability Skills Structure lnSS

(1)

Fixed Effects

(2)

System GMM

(3)

One-step differential GMM

(4)

Fixed Effects

Number of industrial robots

lnR

0.295*

(0.179)

0.118**

(0.049)

0.770***

(0.219)

−0.005

(0.014)

Employability Skills Structure

first-order lag term

L1.lnSS

0.788***

(0.035)

0.393***

(0.080)

Skill-based structure of Labor supply

lnSHL

1.075***

(0.012)

Constant term

_cons

−2.295***

(0.479)

−0.765***

(0.175)

0.210***

(0.043)

Year fixed effects and control variables

c

control

control

control

Adjusted R²

adj.R²

0.8121

0.9977

Observations

N

240

180

210

240