Total sample

Sub-sample 1(horizontal)

Sub-sample 2(vertical)

Sub-sample 3(mixed)

NumInterlock

0.704*** (0.000)

0.554***

(0.001)

1.327***

(0.000)

1.161***

(0.000)

Size

0.002* (0.067)

0.033*

(0.067)

0.004*

(0.096)

0.002**

(0.042)

Numdir

0.026 (0.202)

0.036

(0.228)

0.019

(0.696)

−0.017

(0.655)

PE

0.001** (0.031)

0.001*

(0.071)

0.001*

(0.082)

−0.001**

(0.026)

ROE

0.043***

(0.005)

0.023***

(0.009)

0.211***

(0.002)

0.040***

(0.007)

MRGR

0.011* (0.093)

0.001*

(0.091)

0.017*

(0.088)

0.019*

(0.081)

DER

−0.005

(0.555)

−0.001

(0.955)

0.007

(0.891)

−0.011

(0.495)

Top1

−0.002

(0.532)

0.003

(0.561)

−0.013

(0.157)

−0.005

(0.455)

Top10

0.007**

(0.025)

0.009**

(0.037)

0.005*

(0.053)

0.007**

(0.032)

Beta

0.245

(0.176)

0.163

(0.545)

0.099

(0.824)

0.753**

(0.025)

α0

−2.869***

(0.000)

−3.258***

(0.000)

−2.281***

(0.003)

−2.84***

(0.000)

X2

0.299

0.271

0.469

0.410