Characteristic Mean ± SD

Group 1

N = 127

Group 2

N = 127

Significance

Maternal age (years)

31.25 ± 5.79

33.02 ± 6.33

p < 0.05*

Gravidity

2.05 ± 1.29

2.89 ± 1.42

p < 0.05*

Miscarriages

1.50 ± 0.57

1.33 ± 0.51

p > 0.05

Gestational age at delivery (weeks)

39.38 ± 1.25

39.28 ± 1.42

p > 0.05

Birth weight (grams)

3175 ± 0.54

3288 ± 0.41

p > 0.05

Level of education

None

8 (6.6)

0 (0)

p < 0.05*

1˚

28 (21.7)

11 (8.8)

2˚

64 (50)

45 (35.4)

3˚

28 (21.7)

71 (33.8)

Consumed alcohol

3 (2.3)

12 (9.4)

p < 0.05*

Ever smoked

6 (4.9)

12 (9.8)

p > 0.05

Maternal venous blood positive for malaria parasites

60 (47.5)

3 (2.4)

p < 0.05*