| Variables | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| Age | 1.5 | 1.1 - 3.4 | 0.01 |
| Gender | 0.7 | 0.2 - 5.6 | 0.57 |
| Familial history of DKD | 1.2 | 0.8 - 3.5 | 0.09 |
| Duration of diabetes | 1.2 | 1.6 - 4.4 | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 2.5 | 1.4 - 4.6 | 0.04 |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.0 | 0.4 - 2.9 | 0.22 |
| Smoking | 0.9 | 0.5 - 3.8 | 0.48 |
| Glycated haemoglobin | 0.56 | 0.4 - 4.7 | 0.77 |