Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
Age (years) |
|
| <0.01 |
18 - 49 | 1 |
|
|
≥50 | 2.46 | 1.80 - 3.38 |
|
Gender |
|
| 0.05 |
Female | 1 |
|
|
Male | 1.54 | 1.11 - 3.42 |
|
Diabetes duration (years) |
|
| <0.01 |
<10 | 1 |
|
|
≥10 | 2.04 |
|
|
Familial history of DKD |
|
| 0.02 |
No | 1 |
|
|
Yes | 1.83 | 1.15 - 4.28 |
|
Smoking |
|
| 0.18 |
No | 1 |
|
|
Yes | 1.30 | 0.43 - 5.01 |
|
Physical inactivity |
|
| 0.35 |
No | 1 |
|
|
Yes | 1.02 | 0.54 - 1.51 |
|
Hypertension |
|
| <0.01 |
No | 1 |
|
|
Yes | 1.96 | 1.21 - 6.99 |
|
Waist circumference (cm) |
|
| 0.05 |
<88 | 1 |
|
|
≥88 | 1.54 | 1.09 - 4.39 |
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) |
|
| 0.27 |
<25 | 1 |
|
|
25 - 29.9 | 1.98 | 0.70 - 5.36 |
|
≥30 | 1.55 | 0.68 - 2.81 |
|
Total cholesterol (g/L) |
|
| 0.61 |
<2 | 1 |
|
|
≥2 | 1.72 | 0.92 - 4.25 |
|
Glycated haemoglobin (%) |
|
| 0.36 |
<7 | 1 |
|
|
7 - 8 | 1.29 | 0.59 - 3.80 |
|
>9 | 1.07 | 0.60 - 2.53 |
|