REFERENCES | PATIENTS | N˚ SCREWS | RESULTS |
1. Suk, SE-II. et al. (Case-control) (2001) | 432 (Freehand) | 4604 (Thoracic pedicle screws) | · Inadequate positioning of 67 screws from 48 patients · 35 screw loosenings · 4 patients with neurological complications · 11 intraoperative pedicle fractures · 9 postoperative infections · 1 pneumothorax · There was no vascular or visceral injury · 1 re-approached |
2. Vecina, E et al. (Cross-section study) (2008) | 40 | 228 (116 thoracic and 112 lumbar) | · 8.63 of the thoracic and 5.36 of the lower back with poor positioning. · There was no neurological, vascular, visceral complication. |
3. Verma, R. et al. (systematic review and meta-analysis) (2010) | 719 Navigation 569 not Navigation | 3555 Navigation 2437not Navigation | · 612 badly positioned screws. · In the unguided group (not Navigation) there were 13 cases of neurological complications. · There were no reports of other complications. |
4. Hicks JM. et al. (Systematic review) (2010) | 1666 | 4570 | · Poor positioning of 717 of the thoracic screws. · 11 underwent reoperation for correction, and 10 cases with vascular complication. · 04 cases with neurological complication |
5. Gelalis, I.D. et al. (Systematic review) (2012) | 1105 patients | Freehand: 2412 screws in 362 patients CT navigation: 1902 screws in 313 patients Fluoroscopic navigation: 668 screws in 107 patients | · Freehand: 2 L5 root irritation, 1 headache, and paresis · Fluoroscopy: 8-degree neurological deficit · 3 resolved symptoms without surgery · 5 required surgery · Tc navigation: 6 transient sciatic pain, 2 dysesthesia – 5 resolved, 1 reoperation |
6. Ringel F. et al. (Randomized prospective study) (2012) | 60 | Freehand: 67 Robot: 68 | · Freehand: 1 with poor positioning requiring reapproach due to radicular pain · ROBOT: 10 converts |
7. Dede O. et al. (Retrospective case series) (2014) | 480 | 5923 | · Poor positioning on 8 screws. · 3 cases were reoperated. · 3 neurological complications. |
8. Sanchez JAS et al. (Retrospectivo Cohort) 2015 | 125 (57 bilateral and 68 unilateral instrumentation) | 470 | · 427.33 screws without breaks · 39.33: Rupture ≤ 2 mm · 3.33: Rupture ≥ 3 mm |
9. Zhao Q, et al. (Retrospective Cohort) (2018) | 781 | 3124 | · 46 complications, including: ü 7 intraoperative complications ü 3 guide wire break ü 1 abdominal aorta injury ü 3 extravasation of cerebrospinal fluid |
10. Vardiman AB, et al. (Retrospective Cohort) (2020) | 56 | 8 without robot 348 inserted by navigated robotic guidance | · 9 were repositioned · 339 successful screw · two complication: explatation of interbody and vacuum-assisted wound closure |
11. Kwan MK et al. (Retrospective Study) (2021) |
1057 | The average number of screws used in each patient was 14.1 ± 2.4 screws | · 20 superficial infection · 2 deep wound infection · 1 transient neurological deficit · 2 superior mesenteric artery syndrome · 1 massive blood loss · 1 generalized tonic - clonic seizure · 1 lung atelectasis |
12. Liang D et al. (meta -analysis) (2021) | 272 minimally invasive percutaneous surgery 280 open surgery | Not mentioned | · Screw dislocation: 6 minimally invasive percutaneous surgery and 4 open surgery · Infection: 6 minimally invasive percutaneos surgery and 5 open surgery |