Coping Strategy | References |
1) Kinship and community-support networks and the reciprocity of money, goods, land and labour | [31] -[44] |
2) The sale of assets (including livestock) | [42] -[45] |
3) The use and/or sale of NTFPs | [30] -[52] |
4) Out migrations and remittances | [30] -[42] |
5) Livelihood diversification | [30] [53] |
6) Redistribution/reallocation of labour, the removal of children from school, the relocation of dependents to extended family and the adoption of children | [42] -[55] |
7) Saving schemes, stokvels (credit groups), buying on credit and the withdrawal from stokvels to save on payments | [32] -[56] |
8) Agricultural diversification, changes in agricultural practices, changes in crop type and food storage | [32] -[44] |
9) Changes to household spending and food consumption (including changes to both the quantity and quality of meals as well as reductions in the number of meals consumed) | [41] |
10) Wage labour | [42] [44] |
11) Selling food, goods and services (including prostitution) | [40] [44] |