Groups

Control population N = 10

Study Population N = 10

P Value

Oxycodone

8.00 ± 4.22

7.00 ± 3.50

0.57

Morphine

0.50 ± 1.05

0.50 ± 1.05

0.99

Hydromorphone

0.20 ± 0.35

0.05 ± 0.16

0.15

Morphine Equivalent

5.75 ± 3.63

4.31 ± 2.4

0.31