Variable | Untreated (n = 52) | Treated (n = 168) | ||||||
Dipper n = 13 | Non-dipper n = 13 | Reverse dipper n = 6 | p | Dipper n = 50 | Non-dipper n = 101 | Reverse dipper n = 17 | p | |
Age, years | 44 ± 9.2 | 48.8 ± 12.4 | 58.8 ± 12.2 | 0.052 | 51.9 ± 10.5 | 56.6 ± 10.5 | 55.2 ± 13.9 | 0.046 |
Gender, n (%) |
|
|
| 0.386 |
|
|
| 0.110 |
M | 4 (30.8) | 15 (45.5) | 4 (66.7) |
| 32 (64.0) | 54 (53.5) | 6 (35.3) |
|
F | 9 (69.2) | 18 (54.5) | 2 (33.3) |
| 18 (36.0) | 47 (46.8) | 11 (64.7) |
|
Alcohol, n (%) | 9 (69.2) | 10 (31.8) | 3 ( 50.0) | 0.066 | 15 (30.0) | 39 (38.6) | 4 (23.5) | 0.352 |
Smoking, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 3 (9.4) | 1 (16.4) | 0.543 | 5 (10.0) | 15 (14.9) | 2 (11.8) | 0.750 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 10 (30.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.563 | 17 (34.0) | 28 (27.7) | 9 (52.9) | 0.112 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 26.7 ± 5.2 | 29.8 ± 5.1 | 27.6 ± 2.6 | 0.138 | 28.6 ± 3.7 | 28.7 ± 4.6 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 0.221 |
Obesity, n (%) | 1 (7.7) | 16 (48.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.003 | 2 (4.0). | 32 (31.7) | 10 (58.8) | 0.055 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 6 (44.2) | 19 (57.6) | 2 (33.3) | 0.114 | 20 (40.0) | 52 (51.5) | 10 (58.8) | 0.286 |
Daytime BP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBP (mmHg) | 130.1 ± 8.8 | 135.5 ± 11.1 | 130.7 ± 7.1 | 0.219 | 133.5 ± 7.7 | 134.5 ± 14.3 | 138.6 ± 17.0 | 0.379 |
DBP (mmHg) | 86.8 ± 7.1 | 89.5 ± 8.8 | 81.8 ± 5.2 | 0.096 | 89.6 ± 8.7 | 88.5 ± 11.3 | 85.1 ± 13.1 | 0.853 |
Nighttime BP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBP (mmHg) | 113.9 ± 8.3 | 130.6 ± 14.0 | 132.8 ± 17.7 | 0.001 | 116.4 ± 7.5 | 130.7 ± 16.2 | 146.9 ± 18.6 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 71.8 ± 6.4 | 81.0 ± 9.1 | 70.3 ± 26.9 | 0.022 | 73.8 ± 7.6 | 80.7 ± 11.2 | 90.4 ± 13.5 | <0.001 |
24 h BP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBP (mmHg) | 126.5 ± 8.7 | 134.5 ± 11.7 | 132.5 ± 6.8 | 0.081 | 129.9 ± 8.0 | 133.7 ± 14.5 | 140.5 ± 17.3 | 0.016 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83.2 ± 7.0 | 87.6 ± 8.9 | 81.5 ± 5.7 | 0.115 | 86.0 ± 8.5 | 87.3 ± 11.5 | 89.3 ± 12.9 | 0.533 |
LVH, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (35.5) | 4 (80) | 0.036 | 13 (26.0) | 51 (51.5) | 7 (43.8) | 0.011 |
Hypertensive retinopathy, n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (35.5) | 3 (50) | 0.288 | 15 (31.3) | 36 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | 0.031 |