| Characteristic | T2DM cases (n = 77) | Controls (n = 80) | |||||
| n (%) | Mean | St. Dev. | n (%) | Mean | St. Dev. | P-value | |
| Current tobacco smoking: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-smoker | 27 (35.0) |
|
| 41 (51.3) |
|
| 0.007 |
| Former smoker | 27 (35.0) |
|
| 14 (17.5) |
|
|
|
| Current smoker | 23 (29.8) |
|
| 25 (31.2) |
|
|
|
| 1 - 10 cigarettes/day | 25 (32.5) |
|
| 27 (33.7) |
|
|
|
| 11 - 19 cigarettes/day | 17 (22.1) |
|
| 4 (5.0) |
|
|
|
| 20 cigarettes/day | 4 (5.2) |
|
| 7 (8.8) |
|
|
|
| >20 cigarettes/day | 4 (5.2) |
|
| 1 (1.2) |
|
|
|
| Years since quitting |
| 10.8 | 11.1 |
| 16.3 | 10.2 | 0.14 |
| Living with smokers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No | 51 (66.2) |
|
| 55 (68.8) |
|
| 0.74 |
| Yes | 26 (33.8) |
|
| 25 (31.2) |
|
|
|
| Years living with smokers |
| 13.1 | 11.6 |
| 9.2 | 11.7 | 0.23 |
| Working with smokers: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No | 49 (63.6) |
|
| 50 (62.5) |
|
| 0.88 |
| Yes | 28 (36.4) |
|
| 20 (37.5) |
|
|
|
| Years working with smokers |
| 12.2 | 11.4 |
| 6.5 | 7.9 | 0.03 |
| Current alcohol drinking: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-drinker | 24 (31.2) |
|
| 33 (41.3) |
|
| 0.81 |
| ≤once per month | 9 (11.7) |
|
| 8 (10.0) |
|
|
|
| 1 - 2 times per month | 12 (15.6) |
|
| 8 (10.0) |
|
|
|
| Once per week | 7 (9.0) |
|
| 6 (7.5) |
|
|
|
| 2 - 3 times per week | 13 (16.9) |
|
| 13 (16.2) |
|
|
|
| Almost daily | 12 (15.6) |
|
| 12 (15.0) |
|
|
|
| Years of alcohol drinking |
| 15.9 | 11.3 |
| 18.4 | 13.1 | 0.34 |