α < α l i m

α l i m < α l i m < α 1

α > α 1

L g ρ sin ϕ R Q

negative (−ve)

positive (+ve)

positive (+ve)

α ξ

positive (+ve)

negative (−ve)

positive (+ve)

positive 1 S 2

negative (−ve)

negative (−ve)

positive (+ve)