| The research object | Identity | Research way |
| MAO County Government MAO County Education Bureau MAO County Science and Technology Bureau | In charge of supervisors and related staff | Interviews |
| Fushun Town Government | In charge of leaders and village cadres | Interviews |
| The villagers of Changdou Village | Ordinary villagers | Survey questionnaire (For the illiterate, the members of the research group adopted the form of oral ghostwriting) |
| The villagers of Changdou Village | Establish a file card for poor households | Interviews |