He/she is not involved

Perpetration

Victimisation

Mutual

χ² (W)

F1: Invading spaces

Woman

Man

31.0

38.1

10.6

9.8

10.1

11.5

48.3

40.6

8.84* (0.07)

F2: Creating Insecurity

Woman

Man

55.5

59.1

13.2

5.9

9.5

15.7

21.9

19.3

25.16*** (0.14)

F3: Confinement to the Traditional Role

Woman

Man

62.7

68.9

11.0

12.6

11.4

7.6

14.9

10.9

9.66* (0.07)

F4: Exercising Control

Woman

Man

71.1

78.4

6.1

5.0

8.4

6.4

14.4

10.1

8.05** (0.06)

F5: Underestimating

Woman

Man

59.8

61.1

9.4

4.8

8.7

10.9

22.1

23.2

9.15* (0.07)

Total. Covert Violence

Woman

Man

17.4

24.1

9.3

7.0

5.4

7.3

67.9

61.6

12.01** (0.12)