Comparative Research on Cooperative Mechanisms for Cross-regional Emergency Management between China and America | ||||
Items | America | Characteristics | China | Characteristics |
Institutional arrangement | Emergency Management Assistance Compact | Institutionalization and sequencing | No corresponding institutional norms | Lack of legal framework of cooperation |
Management organization | National Emergency Management Association | Unified management | Joint Congress System | Lack of authority |
Operating process | PARDR model | Specific, clear and flexible cooperation process | Scattering-cooperation mode, leading-participation mode and assistance-cooperation mode | No permanent uniform command organization |
Information communication | Sharing of information on disaster situation | Efficiency; uniformity | Emergency information notification system | Incapability of sharing disaster information, emergency information lag and low information transmission efficiency |
Resource allocation | Resource deployment via the agreement | Standardization; operability | Lack of scientific management method | Highly fragmented and segmentary; resources scattered |
Rescue team | Multi-party cooperation | Universal emergency response | Insufficient reserve of talents | Incapability of uniform mobilization |