RPF

CNDD-FDD

MPS

PCT

PPRD

NRM

ANC

HDZ

PDK

CPN(M)

FRETILIN

FMLN

Country

RW

BI

TD

CG

CD

UG

ZA

HR

XK

NP

TL

SV

Uninterrupted simultaneous presidential power and legislative victory

Y

Y

Y

Y*

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

Party alternated between government and opposition

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Presidential alternation

N

Kagame

N

Nkurunziza

N

Déby

N

Nguesso

N

Kabila

N

Museveni

within party

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Did the post-rebel party constitute the only legal party in the country?

N

N

N

Y

Pre-1992

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Last pre-conflict election: no. of parties winning 10%+ of seats (legislature)

1

2

0

3

1

0

3

1**

1**

2

0

2

Parties winning 10%+ of seats (legislature), incl. post-rebel party plus Freedom House classification

1st election

1(0)N

3(2)P

3(2)N

1(0)P¹

2(1)N

2(1)P

3(2)F

2(1)P

3(2)

3(1)P

1(0)P

3(2)P^O

2nd election

1(0)N

2(1)P

1(0)N

1(0)N

1(0)N

1(0)P

1(0)F

2(1)P

2(1)^O

3(1)P^O

4(2)P^O

4(3)F^O

3rd election

1(0)N

2(0)N

1(0)N

1(0)N

n/aN

1(0)N

2(1)F

1(0)P

4(2)

3(1)P

3(2)P^O

3(2)F^O

4th election

1(0)N

1(0)N

2(1)F

4(3)F^O

4(3)P

4(3)P

3(2)F^O

5th election

1(0)P^C

2(1)F

2(1)F

4(3)P

2(1)F^O

3(2)F^O

6th election

1(0)P^C

3(2)F

2(1)F

3(2)P

3(2)F

7th election

1(0)P²

2(1)F^O

4(3)P^O

3(1)F

8th election

1(0)N

3(2)F

3(1)F

9th election

1(0)N

2(1)F

4(2)F

10th election

1(0)N

Participation in coalition government

Y

Y

Y

Y

N***

N

Y

Y

Y

Incl. as junior partner

Y

Incl. as junior partner

Y

N

Serious allegations of fraud, manipulation and/or electioneering

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N