起始行爲

(opener)

1) 稱呼語 (title/role): e.g. Professor/sir/mother

2) 打招呼語 (greeting): e.g. How are you?/Hi

3) 道歉語 (apology): e.g. Excause me, I’m sorry.

4) 人名 (name): e.g. Tom/Ella…

5) 提醒語 (vocative): e.g. Here/Hey!

6) 侮辱語 (aggravator): e.g. big mouth/you fool

中心行爲

(head act)

直接行爲

(direct)

1) 祈使語態 (mood derivable)

e.g. Open the window.

2) 明確陳述 (explicit performatives)

e.g. I request you to open the window.

3) 模糊陳述 (hedged performatives)

e.g. I’d like to ask you to open the window.

4) 義務陳述 (obligation statement)

e.g. You should open the window.

5) 願望陳述 (want statement)

e.g. I want you to open the window.

規約性間接行爲

(conventionally indirect)

6) 建議性表現 (suggestory formula)

e.g. How about open the window?

7) 準備性詢問 (query-preparatory)

e.g. Could you open the window?

非規約性間接行爲

(non-Conventionally indirect)

8) 較強暗示 (strong hints)

e.g. Why is the window closed?

9) 較弱暗示 (mild hints)

e.g. It is hot.

輔助行爲

(supportive moves)

1) 預備 (preparatory): e.g. I have a favor to ask of you.

2) 問前試探 (pre-commitment): e.g. Could you do me a favor?

3) 説明原因 (grounder): e.g. I intend to apply for a scholarship.

4) 鬆綁 (disarmer): e.g. I know that you are busy, but…

5) 補償 (reward): e.g. Dinner is on me.

6) 降低難度 (imposition minimize): e.g. It would not take long to…

7) 感謝 (gratitude): e.g. Thanks.

8) 無禮 (insults): e.g. You have a big mouth.

9) 威脅 (threat): e.g. …, or I’m telling mom.

10) 講道 (moralizing): e.g. It is not right to use violence in any case.