Description

Properties

Values

Excavation

Top heading & benching

Provisional invert

Shotcrete thickness [mm]

150

Shotcrete (initial lining)

C25/30 thickness [mm]

250

Rock bolt (initial lining)

Self-Drilling anchors

R32N

Bolt axial stiffness [kN/m]

1.15 * 105

Equivalent soil cluster for pipe umbrella

Thickness [mm]

35

Elasticity modulus E [MPa]

16,600

Cohesion c [kPa]

5000

Unit weight ɣ [kN/m3]

24

Poisson’s ratio ν [-]

0.25

Final lining

Inner concrete lining c25/30 thickness [mm]

300

Surrounding soil property

c' [kPa]

500

Internal angle of friction ø’ [˚]

25

E [MPa]

250

Poisson’s ratio ν [−]

0.25

Unit weight ɣ [kN/m3]

24