Variables (Ecological Practices)

Description

Source

Items taken for research

Green

Purchasing

Eltayeb et al. (2011) describe green purchasing as an environmentally focused purchasing practise focusing on the procurement of goods or materials that satisfy environmental concerns in terms of waste disposal, promotion of reuse, recycle, resource reduction, and material replacement.

When making buying decisions, consider environmental factors; Green (recyclable, recycled, non-toxic, biodegradable) items, goods and services should be purchased; There was no eco-friendly packaging used after that; Preferred vendors if ISO 14001 certification is obtained.

(Montabon et al., 2017) , (Eltayeb et al., 2011)

Energy

Efficiency and

Energy Conservation

Energy efficiency and conservation are the most visible aspects introduced, handled, and regulated in industrial firms to reduce potential negative environmental effects and increase the company’s image. The primary goal is to minimise the amount of water used; thus, methods and processes for water purification, recycling, and reusing should be investigated in order to achieve sustainability and viability in the long run.

Substituting mechanised processes for manual labour; Processes that remove or reduce electricity consumption should be chosen; Built equipment to keep energy consumption at a minimum; The installed equipment to avoid energy waste and leaks is inadequate; Placing in more energy-efficient lighting; Conserve electricity by turning off lights where there is enough natural light; Turning off appliances, air conditioning, and computers as they are the last to leave/are not in service.

(Peter et al., 2017) , (Ghazilla et al., 2015)

Waste

Reduction

and

Recycling

A waste management policy is a vital method for reducing the use of natural resources, managing waste effectively, and sustaining green practises. Waste reduction, which is one part of sustainable green practises, contributes to increased efficiency in SMEs while still protecting the ecosystem.

The company understands waste management and recycling; Employees’ knowledge of waste disposal and recycling is not at the expected stage; There is no clear design for minimising waste and reusing or recycling as much as possible; Employees are being trained in waste management by the company; Adoption of environmentally friendly waste collection and recycling procedures;

(Peter et al., 2017)