Parameter

Value

Ball diameter

15 mm

Ball density

7.7 g/cm3

Shear modulus

80 GPa

Poisson’s ratio

0.3

Coefficient of restitution

0.35

Coefficient of static friction

0.2 - 0.5

Coefficient of rolling friction

0.05 - 0.5

Time step

10−6 s

Temperature

25˚C

Ball powder ratio

70:1