Study

Aggregation Level

Data Type

Econometric method

Elasticity estimation

Aschauer [5]

National

Time series

Cobb-Douglas production function

The elasticity of non-military capital stock: 0.25 - 0.56

Brun et al. [27]

Sub-national

Panel data

Barro-type model

No impact of the length of roads on economic growth

Berndt and Hansson [8]

Swedish National Level

Time series

Dual cost function

The Public infrastructure on the productivity growth: 0.058 - 0.149

Chiara Del Bo adn Massimo Florio [28]

Sub-national (EU regions)

Panel data

Cobb-Douglas production function with Spatial Durbin Model

The output elasticity of transport infrastructure: 0.05

Demurger [16]

Sub-national (Provincial)

Panel data

Growth equation

Positive effect on per capital income over 1985-1998 for 24 provinces

Fleisher and Chen [29]

Sub-national (Provincial)

Panel data

Production function

Minor impact on provincial total factor productivity growth from 1978-1993

Fan and Zhang [30]

Sub-national (Provincial)

Panel data

Simultaneous equation system

The contribution of roads expenditure to the rural area agricultural sector productivity: 0.085

Kavanagh [10]

Ireland national level

Time series

Production function

The elasticity of public capital on output: 0.36

Ozbay et al. [20]

Sub-national (County)

Panel data

multiple regression

The elasticity of highway investment ranges from 0.02 to 0.21

Vijverberg, Fu and Vijverberg [12]

Sub-national (Provincial)

Panel data

Cost function with Maximum Likelihood estimation

The contribution of public infrastructure to the growth in labor productivity among industrial enterprises: 0.02 - 0.03

Zhang [13]

Sub-national (Provincial)

Panel data

Production function

The output elasticity of transport infrastructure: 0.11