Technology

Benefits

Limitations

References

Emulsified Fuel

· Allows significant NOx reduction by an amount of 80%

· Increase the fuel consumption by 3% to achieve the same output

· Corrosive

[19]

Methanol

· Renewable resource

· Biodegradable

· Allows NOx reduction by an amount of 60% and fuel consumption by 2% - 3%

· Corrosive

· Toxic

· Burns with non-luminous flame

· Cost

· Miscible with water

[15] [16] [17] [18]

LNG

· Has environmental benefits through an average reduction of SOx, NOx, and PM

· Lower operating cost

· Highly flammable

· Requires huge investments for storage and installation

· High CO2 emissions

[15] [16] [17] [18]

Fuel Switching

· Allows much lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen and PM

· Can be designed to operate interchangeably on natural gas with diesel pilot or on 100% diesel fuel

· High capital cost in general

· Requires high maintenance for the spark ignition system

[20] [22]