Technology | Benefits | Limitations | References |
Emulsified Fuel | · Allows significant NOx reduction by an amount of 80% | · Increase the fuel consumption by 3% to achieve the same output · Corrosive | [19] |
Methanol | · Renewable resource · Biodegradable · Allows NOx reduction by an amount of 60% and fuel consumption by 2% - 3% | · Corrosive · Toxic · Burns with non-luminous flame · Cost · Miscible with water | [15] [16] [17] [18] |
LNG | · Has environmental benefits through an average reduction of SOx, NOx, and PM · Lower operating cost | · Highly flammable · Requires huge investments for storage and installation · High CO2 emissions | [15] [16] [17] [18] |
Fuel Switching | · Allows much lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen and PM · Can be designed to operate interchangeably on natural gas with diesel pilot or on 100% diesel fuel | · High capital cost in general · Requires high maintenance for the spark ignition system | [20] [22] |