Type of frontal fracture

Headcount

(n = 102)

Frequency

(%)

Type I: Fractures of the anterior Wall

35

34.31

Ia: Without dislocation, no damage of the nasofrontal duct

14

12.72

Ib: High fracture of dislocation, not of the nasofrontal duct

9

8.82

Ic: Fracture with bone loss, not of the nasofrontal duct

1

0.98

Id: Low fracture with involvement of the nasofrontal duct

8

7.84

Ie: Fracture of all anterior wall with involvement of the nasofrontal duct

3

2.94

Type II: Posterior Wall fractures

6

5.88

IIa: No dislocation, no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage

1

0.98

IIb: Dislocation and/or bone loss, no CSF leak

1

0.98

IIc: Dislocation and CSF leak

4

3.92

Type III: Fractures of both the anterior and the posterior walls

53

51.96

IIIa: Type I + Type IIa or IIb

30

29.41

IIIb: Type I + Type IIc or IId

23

22.54

Type IV: Comminuted fractures of all complex nasofronto-ehtmoido-orbital

8

8.82