| VAS at the first trimester | p-value | ||||
| Low | Moderate | High | |||
| n = 20 | n = 21 | n = 14 | |||
| VAS score | 1st trimester | 0.0 | 1.9 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 33.5 | 32.2 | 30.7 | 0.406 | |
| Parity | Primiparous | 8 | 12 | 3 | 0.100 |
| Multiparous | 12 | 9 | 11 | ||
| Menstrual pain | Yes | 13 | 16 | 13 | 0.207 |
| No | 7 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Presence of LBPP before pregnancy | Yes | 6 | 9 | 10 | 0.059 |
| No | 14 | 12 | 4 | ||
| Past history of LBPP in previous pregnancy (n = 32) | Yes | 3 | 6 | 10 | 0.004 |
| No | 9 | 3 | 1 | ||
| VAS score | 2nd trimester | 0.7 | 2.2 | 4.9 | 0.034 |
| 3rd trimester | 3.5 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 0.151 | |
| one week postpartum | 1.3 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 0.020 | |
| one month postpartum | 0.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 0.005 | |
| three months postpartum | 0.0 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.005 | |
| PMI | 1st trimester | 0.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | <0.001 |
| 2nd trimester | 2.0 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 0.093 | |
| 3rd trimester | 15.0 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 0.706 | |
| one week postpartum | 6.0 | 13.0 | 9.5 | 0.120 | |
| one month postpartum | 0.0 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 0.042 | |
| three months postpartum | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.019 | |
| EPDS | 1st trimester | 5.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 0.373 |
| 2nd trimester | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 0.495 | |
| 3rd trimester | 5.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 0.436 | |
| one week postpartum | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0.985 | |
| one month postpartum | 8.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 0.373 | |
| three months postpartum | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 0.959 | |