Summary of appraised quantitative papers (n = 12)

Number of studies meeting this criteria n = 12 total studies (%)

Clearly described:

Focused question:

12 (100)

Study design

12 (100)

Selection described:

10 (83%)

Low risk of selection bias

Low risk: 8 papers

8 (67%)

Representative of group

indicated: 6 papers

6 (50%)

Appropriate sample size by Power

Statistical Power indicated: 2 papers

2 (17%)

Response rate ≥ 70%

More than 70%: 6 papers

6 (50%)

Reliable measurement

Reliable:8 papers

8 (67%)

Statistical significance

Not assessed in all (12) papers

0

Confidence intervals

Not provided: in all 12 papers

0

No other confounders

Confounders not obvious

in all 12 papers

12 (100%)

Relevance to African population

Relevant: 9 papers

9 (75%)