| Authors and year | Phenomena studied: core elements of PS* studied | Context: where the care is delivered | Context: core theoretical elements of PCC* | Policy and practice implications | Quality assessment score2) |
| Martijn et al. 2013 [33] | Safety culture Type of incidents | Primary care midwifery practices | Midwifery-led care | Adherence to practice guidelines for patient risk assessment, better implementation of interventions with regard to risk factors and better availability of midwives during birthing | M |
| Sexton et al. 2006 [34] | Safety culture Teamwork climate | Hospital care, labor and delivery units | Theory of safety culture. Culture understood as artifacts, values and assumptions that make an organization distinct | To explore links to clinical and operational outcomes | H |
| Wagner et al. 2011 [35] | Adverse events Perinatal safety | Hospital care, obstetrics ward | A multicomponent model: evidence-based protocols, team training, fetal monitoring, simulation program, educational program | Multicomponent safety initiatives in the healthcare system are necessary to improve PS | H |
| Hoang & Quynh 2012 [36] | Access to safety care | Hospital (conventional) care, midwifery-led care and planned homebirth | Three different models of intrapartum care | Women’s preferences should be taken into account when planning for type of delivery. | L |
| Iida et al. 2011 [37] | Safety, sense of control during labor and birth Communication and satisfaction with care | Three different types of health facility; birth centres, clinics and hospitals | Women-centred care | Healthcare providers should consider the positive correlation between women-centred care and women’s perceptions of satisfaction, in addition to continuity of care and respectful communication | H |
| Lyndon et al. 2015 [38] | Safety culture | Intrapartum care Perinatal care | Patient-centred communication | Approaches for improving communication | NI |
| Larkin et al. 2012 [39] | Women’s physical safety Risk management | Hospital units Rural and city hospital | Conventional care | Quality of maternity services must encompass recognition of psychological and emotional well-being alongside physical safety | H |
| Raab et al. 2013 [40] | Safety culture | Perinatal care Three academic facilities | Collaborative model | Changing culture requires administrative support and role modeling, staff involvement and sustainment of the desire to change Sharing experiences debriefing | NI |
| Collins 2008 [41] | Safety culture Teamwork Medical errors Communication | Perinatal hospital units | Multidisciplinary team approach Uniform patient care strategies Patient-relevant information Collaborative approach Decision-making | Team training, rapid response teams Interdisciplinary electronic fetal monitoring course Crew resource management approach Uniformity of practice Discussion of system failures | NI |