Variables ZINB Model

Coefficient

Exp (coeff.)

2000

2008

2000

2008

Women’s age

−0.00146

−0.00353^*

0.999

0.996

Terminated pregnancy

No (ref)

Yes

0.09872^*

0.05178^*

1.10

1.05

Educational attainment

No education (ref)

Incomplete primary

0.02018

−0.018001

1.02

0.98

Complete primary

0.14607^**

−0.01129

1.16

0.99

Incomplete secondary

0.15080^*

0.00630

1.16

1.01

Complete secondary

0.11610^*

0.02622

1.12

1.03

Higher

0.12699^**

0.07037^**

1.14

1.07

Partner’s education

No education (ref)

Incomplete primary

0.02678

−0.04130

1.03

0.96

Complete primary

−0.11883^**

0.01660

0.89

1.02

Incomplete secondary

−0.03093

−0.04642^***

0.97

0.95

Complete secondary

−0.02843

−0.01367

0.97

0.99

Higher

−0.03666

0.01921

0.96

1.02

Relationship between spouses

No (ref)

Yes

−0.03788^***

−0.01125

0.96

0.99

Region

Urban governorates (ref)

Urban Lower Egypt

0.02883

0.02392

1.03

1.02

Rural Lower Egypt

−0.03968

−0.06416

0.96

0.94

Urban Upper Egypt

0.012288

−0.11272^*

1.01

0.89

Rural Upper Egypt

−0.23841^*

−0.18210^*

0.79

0.83

Frontier governorates

−0.32638^**

−0.13320^*

0.72

0.88

Wealth index

Poorest (ref)

Poorer

−0.02793

0.07593^*

0.97

1.08

Middle

0.17056^*

0.12133^*

1.19

1.13

Richer

0.19834^*

0.16867^*

1.22

1.18

Richest

0.34406^*

0.21543^*

1.41

1.24

Content of antenatal care

0.17758^*

0.06578^*

1.19

1.07

The signs of pregnancy complications

0.13748^*

0.05542^*

1.15

1.06

Availability of health services

0.01107

0.01590^**

1.01

1.02

Freedom of movement

0.03785^*

−0.00207

1.04

0.998

Inflation equation

Women’s age

0.01573^*

0.01332^**

1.02

1.01

Terminated pregnancy

No (ref)

Yes

−0.231804^*

−0.64447^*

0.79

0.52

Reading Newspaper

No (ref)

Yes

−0.18327^***

−0.09509

0.83

0.909