Author ID	Country	Study design	Participant characteristics	Outcome	Reference
Maenner 2018	US	Retrospective descriptive study	234 children, aged 7 - 9 years, male to female ratio; 4.6:1.0	Results indicated that children of immigrants and refugees, and Somali children in particular, are being identified more frequently with ASD with intellectual disability than are other groups.	[5]
Barnevik-Olsson, 2010	Sweden	Retrospective analysis	113,391 children, aged 6 - 10 years,	The increased prevalence remained and was now between four and five times higher in children of Somali background.	[9]
Hassan, 2012	UK	Retrospective descriptive analysis	61,773 children, aged 0 - 19 years,	The analysis shows a higher prevalence of autism in Somali, Black African and Black Caribbean children which is at least twice the prevalence in all other ethnic groups in our borough	[10]
Hewwit, 2016	US	Retrospective descriptive study	12,329 children, aged 7 - 9 years	Results indicated that Somali (1 in 32) and White (1 in 36) children were about equally likely to be identified with ASD, but more likely to be identified with ASD than Black and Hispanic children	[12]
Barnevik-Olsson, 2010	Sweden	Retrospective analysis	113,391 children, aged 6 - 10 years,	The increased prevalence remained and was now between four and five times higher in children of Somali background.	[21]