Items | Score range | Frequency | Score range | Effect |
Maintaining family integration, cooperation, and an optimistic definition of the situation | 1 - 5 | 4.25 ± 0.939 | 0 ~ 3 | 2.45 ± 0.730 |
Maintaining social support, self-esteem, and psychological stability | 1 - 5 | 3.11 ± 1.205 | 0 ~ 3 | 1.95 ± 0.961 |
Understanding the medical situation through communication with other parents and consultation with the medical staff | 1 - 5 | 3.60 ± 1.187 | 0 ~ 3 | 2.19 ± 0.865 |