Water quality parameters

Control

Gravel substrate

Sand substrate

Conductivity (ppm)

63.29 ± 0.01^a

73 ± 0.02^b

94.42 ± 0.02^c

Salinity (psu)

0.03 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.01^a

Dissolved Oxygen (Mg/l)

7.49 ± 0.01^a

5.91 ± 0.01^b

6.9 ± 0.05^a

Temperature (˚C)

22.67 ± 0.10^a

22.45 ± 0.10^a

22.34 ± 0.10^a

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

31.88 ± 0.12^a

37 ± 0.10^b

47.67 ± 0.13^c

pH

8.92 ± 0.01^a

8.63 ± 0.01^a

8.69 ± 0.01^a

Survival

77%

80%

78%