Microbial process

Enzymatic reaction

Soil stabilizing microorganisms

MICCP by ureolysis

$\text{CO}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_{\text{2}}+{\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Urease}}{\to }{\text{NH}}_4^{+}+{\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$

${\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}+{\text{2Cl}}^{-}$

${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}+{\text{CO}}_3^{2-}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Sporosarcina pasteurii (Bacillus pasteurii) [8] [16]

MICCP by nitrate reduction

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{NO}}_3^{-}\stackrel{\text{Nitratereductase}}{\to }{\text{NO}}_2^{-}\stackrel{\text{Nitritereductase}}{\to }\text{NO}\\ \stackrel{\text{Nitricoxidereductase}}{\to }{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Nitrousreductase}}{\to }{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\end{array}$ Math_7#

Pseudomonas denitrificans.

[17] [18]

MICCP by cyanobacterial carbonate mineralization

${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Carbonicanhydrase}}{\to }{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{HCO}}_3^{-}+{\text{H}}^{+}$

${\text{2HCO}}_3^{-}+{\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}\to {\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$

Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus [19]

MICCP by sulfate reduction

${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}+{\text{2CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}+{\text{OH}}^{-}\stackrel{\text{sulfatereductase}}{\to }{\text{HS}}^{-}+2{\text{HCO}}_3^{-}+{\text{2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}+{\text{CO}}_3^{2-}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}$

D. bizertensis [20] [21]

MICCP by methane oxidation

${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}+{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}\stackrel{\text{MMO}}{\to }{\text{HCO}}_3^{-}+{\text{HS}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}+2{\text{HCO}}_3^{-}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Methylococcus capsulatus

[22]

MICCP by ammonification of amino acids

$\text{RCH}\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}\right)\text{-COOH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\to \text{RCOOH}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{NH}}_4^{+}$

$\underset{\text{Asparagine}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\stackrel{\text{Asparaginase}}{\to }\underset{\text{Aspartate}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}{\text{NO}}_4^{-}}+{\text{NH}}_4^{+}$

${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}{\text{NO}}_4^{-}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\to {\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{7}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$

${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2}+}+2{\text{HCO}}_3^{-}\to {\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Bacillus megaterium [23]