1. Layout:

6. Protection of openings:

long axis along an east-west orientation

rectangular-shaped buildings

non-compact courtyards

shade to exclude direct sunlight

deep verandas

wide overhangs

2. Spacing:

7. Positions of openings:

non-compact open spacing planning

protection from hot winds

windows in north and south walls

windows at human body scale

3. Air movement:

8. Roofs:

single-banking rooms for cross ventilation

permanent ventilation

room height greater than 2.75 m

Light material

reflective surface

well-insulated roof with cavity

4. Size of openings:

9. Rain protection:

medium openings covering

40% - 80% of wall areas

avoiding openings in west walls

protection from heavy rains needed

adequate rainwater drainage

covered passageways

5. Walls and floors:

10. Outdoor sleeping and relaxation:

lightweight material

low thermal capacity

no provision for outdoor sleeping required

space on top of roofs

balconies or in patios