Titles

Balochisaurus malkani

Marisaurus jeffi

Qaikshaheen masoomniazi

Informal Description

[55]

[55]

-

Formal Description

[64]

[64]

In present research

Holotype

Presacral vertebrae GSP/MSM-126-15 to GSP/MSM-130-15, GSP/MSM-822-15 to GSP/MSM-824-15, GSP/MSM-818-15; partial dorsal neural arch GSP/MSM-323-15; caudal vertebrae GSP/MSM-43-15, GSP/MSM-44-15, GSP/MSM-44a-15, GSP/MSM-45-15 to GSP/MSM-48-15, GSP/MSM-260-15, GSP/MSM-505-15, GSP/MSM-834-15,GSP/MSM-325-15; cervical rib GSP/MSM-881-15; caudal neural spine GSP/MSM-324-15; distal rib/neural spine GSP/MSM-672-15, GSP/MSM-1056-15; proximal dorsal rib GSP/MSM-322-15; dorsal rib GSP/MSM-531-15; left sternal plate GSP/MSM-675-15; left proximal humerus GSP/MSM-245-15; distal left humerus GSP/MSM-174-15; left proximal ulna GSP/MSM-78-15;proximal metacarpal GSP/MSM-297-15; distal metacarpal GSP/MSM-750-15; left acetabulum GSP/MSM-166-15; left proximal femur GSP/MSN-168-15; distal left femur GSP/MSM-173-15; proximal left tibia GSP/MSM-246-15; distal tibia/ulna? GSP/MSM-227-15.

Caudal vertebrae GSP/MSM-7-15, GSP/MSM-29-15 to GSP/MSM-33-15, GSP/MSM-815-15, GSP/MSM-808-15 and GSP/MSM-507-15; partial right proximal scapula GSP/MSM-163-15; partial proximal and distal pubis GSP/MSM-165-15, GSP/MSM-164-15;right femur (proximal GSP/MSM-169-15; and distal GSP/MSM-70-15) with many collected femoral cross sections which help to reconstruct full femur.

Partial posterior cervical centrum GSP-UM/Sangiali-1101, partial cervicodorsal centrum GSP-UM/Sangiali-1176, three partial dorsal vertebrae GSP-UM/Sangiali-1102, GSP-UM/Sangiali-1103, and GSP-UM/Sangiali-1123, dorsal neural arch GSP-UM/Sangiali-1104, three partial caudal vertebrae GSP-UM/Sangiali-1105, GSP-UM/Sangiali-1106, and GSP-UM/Sangiali-1107, distal scapula in 2 pieces GSP-UM/Sangiali-1108 and GSP-UM/Sangiali-1109, and mid scapula GSP-UM/Sangiali-1110; proximal left scapula GSP-UM/Sangiali-1111; left Coracoid GSP-UM/Sangiali-1112; proximal right humerus GSP-UM/Sangiali-1113; humerus cross section GSP-UM/Sangiali-1114; distal right humerus GSP-UM/Sangiali-1115; partial ischium GSP-UM/Sangiali-1116; proximal left femur GSP-UM /Sangiali-1118; right proximal and mid femur GSP-UM /Sangiali-1119; left distal femur GSP/MSM-1-1; left proximal tibia GSP-UM/Sangiali-1120; proximal left fibula GSP-UM/Sangiali-1121; mid left fibula GSP-UM/Sangiali-1122.

Holotypic elements

35

14

22

Type locality

Mari Bohri (latitude

29˚41'57"N; longitude 69˚14'59"E; Figure 4 of [51] )

Mari Bohri (latitude 29˚42'08"N; longitude 69˚15'08"E; Figure 4 of [51] )

Mid Sangiali (10 m long and 5 m wide area bounded by latitudes 29.69810N and 29.69812N and longitudes 69.39872E and 69.39882E) (Figure 4 of [51] ).

Referred specimens

Caudal vertebrae GSP/MSM-52-9, GSP/MSM-793-9, proximal humerus with prominent head GSP/MSM-694-9 and GSP/MSM-759-9, distal ulna GSP/MSM-252-9, transversely broad distal tibia GSP/MSM-75-9 and right astragalus GSP/MSM-752-9.

Proximal right femora GSP/MSM-749-15 and GSP/MSM-167-15, Left distal femur GSP/MSM-170-15 from Pakistan [51] . A mosaic type small sub oval armour bone (GSP/MSM-1095-17) from Dada Pahi 17 locality (Figure 1 of [64] ).

A distal neural spine MSM-5/02 Karkh (Figure 6, row 5 of [62] ) (first Maastrichtian titanosaur bone from Kirthar basin/lower Indus basin).

Caudal vertebra GSP/MSM-40-8

Cervical vertebra GSP/MSM-359-2, cervicodorsal vertebra GSP/MSM-120-2, dorsal vertebrae GSP/MSM-121-2, GSP/MSM-122-2, GSP/MSM-123-2, GSP/MSM-124-2, GSP/MSM-125-2, GSP/MSM-441-2, a pair of sacral vertebrae GSP/MSM-135-2, caudal vertebrae GSP/MSM-41-2 and GSP/MSM-42-2, GSP/MSM-360-2, GSP/MSM-302-2, distal part of cervical rib GSP/MSM-187-2, distal thoracic rib GSP/MSM-301-2, neural spine GSP/MSM-792-2, distal rib/neural spine GSP/MSM-784-2, prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses GSP/MSM-560-2; parts of sternal GSP/MSM-565-2 and sternal part GSP/MSM-1004-2, a coracoid GSP/MSM-560-2, humerus parts GSP/MSM-559-2, GSP/MSM-287-2, GSP/MSM-363-2, GSP/MSM-362-2; left and right ulnae GSP/MSM-573-2 and GSP/MSM-271-2, distal ulna GSP/MSM-852-2; proximal metacarpals GSP/MSM-295-2,GSP/MSM-279-2, GSP/MSM-685-2, GSP/MSM-566-2, GSP/MSM-278-2, GSP/MSM-686-2, GSP/MSM-1029-2, GSP/MSM-688-2; distal metacarpals GSP/MSM-277-2, GSP/MSM-1028-2, GSP/MSM-285-2, GSP/MSM-370-2, GSP/MSM-684-2, GSP/MSM-687-2, GSP/MSM-361-2, GSP/MSM-683-2, proximal ischium GSP/MSM-184-2, a femur (proximal half GSP/MSM-178-2 and distal half GSP/MSM-182-2), and metatarsals GSP/MSM-643-2, GSP/MSM-1031-2 and GSP/MSM-1030-2 from Pakistan.

A right humerus (Figure 2a, b, of Plate V [77] ) from Bara Simla, India and a right humerus of 85cm length (GSI 20012, Figure 4 of Plate 1 of [78] ) from Rahioli locality, Gujarat state, India were referred due to shape resembling with humerus GSP-UM/Sangiali-1113 (which is mistyped as GSP/Sangiali-1124 on page 1054 of [52] ). A femur GSI/WR/M/90/84 from Rahioli locality [65] [78] [79] India referred due to same proportion and similarity with mid Sangiali femur (proximal GSP/Sangiali-1118 which was mistyped as GSP/Sangiali-13 on page 1054 of [52] , and distal femur GSP/MSM-1-1) from Pakistan.

Referred Elements

11

1

50 (+49 Miscellaneous pieces from Sangiali)

Referred localities

Grut 9 (Figure 1 of [64] ), Dada Pahi (Figure 4 of [51] and Mari Bohri 15 (Figure 4 of [11] from Pakistan.

Darwaza (Figure 1 of [64] )

Mid Bor (Figure 4 of [51] ) from Pakistan. Rahioli locality of Gujarat and Bara Simla locality of Jabalpur India.

Total holotypic and referral elements

46

14 + 1 = 15

72 (+49 miscellaneous pieces)

Total Individuals

4

2

4

Horizon/Formation

Vitakri Formation

Vitakri Formation

Vitakri Formation; Lameta Formation

Age

Latest Maastrichtian

Latest Maastrichtian

Latest Maastrichtian

Distribution Territory; (Basin) wise

Barkhan District, Balochistan Province; (middle Indus/Sulaiman basin). Kirthar basin/lower Indus basin.

Barkhan District, Balochistan Province; (Sulaiman Range; Sulaiman Basin)

Barkhan District, Balochistan Province; (Sulaiman foldbelt/lower Indus basin). Rahioli, Gujarat, western India and Bara Simla, Jabalpur, central India.