Sub-index

Indicators

1. Soil/Land ( Shathy & Reza, 2016 ; Pazhuhan et al., 2020 )

1.Land subsidence condition

2. Percentage of land for green area

3. Soil pollution

2. Water quality ( Fehr et al., 2004 ; OECD, 2008 )

1. Quality of water supply

2. Quality of natural water

3. Surface and groundwater pollution

4. Drainage capability of the area

5. Groundwater’s exploitation

3. Air quality ( Silva & Mendes, 2012 )

1. Particulate matters

2. Transport air pollution

3. Pollution from business establishments

4. Pollution from burning coal, garbage, or other items outdoors

4. Landscape ( Pazhuhan et al., 2020 , Garau & Pavan, 2018 )

1. Surrounding green and entertainment areas

2. Openness level of the surrounding environment

3. Surrounding Ecosystem

5. Noise ( Silva & Mendes, 2012 ; Pazhuhan et al., 2020 )

1. Noise from vehicles

2. Noise from business activities

3. Noise from construction activities

6. Odor (from practical experiences of the research team in the studied area)

1. Odor from untreated garbage

2. Odor from sewers

3. Odor from outdoor business activities (such as: street vendor)

4. Odor from solid waste transfer stations and landfills

7. Solid waste ( Sarmento et al., 2000 ; Fehr et al., 2004 ; OECD, 2008 )

1. Volume of waste generated (kg/day/person)

2. Waste composition

3. Percentage of waste collected/recycled

4. Solid waste pollution (street garbage, litter on sewers)