Names

Mode of action

References

Forskolin

Stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and increases cAMP

[58]

Valproic acid

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

[85]

BIO (6-Bromoindirubin -3’ -oxime)

Inhibitor for GSK -3 a /β in the Wnt signaling pathway.

[94]

Lithium

GSK3 Inhibition (Wnt⁺)

[26]

CHIR99021

GSK3 inhibitor

[46]

Trichostatin

A histone deacetylase inhibitor

[85]

Sodium Butyrate

Sodium butyrate is a known inhibitor of histone deacetylases and inhibits both the mRNA and protein content of cyclin D1

[85]

Parnate

Histone demethylase inhibitor

[86]

5-azacytidine

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor

[85]

SC1 (Pluripotin)

Can act as a LIF replacement molecule for mouse embryonic (mES) cell self-renewal

[113]

RG108

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor

[87]

PD0325901

Selectively binds and inhibits MEK

[46]

SIRT1

A class III HDAC assists in Generation of iPSCs

[90]

RSC133

Inhibits histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase

[91]

RepSox

Tgfbr1 kinase inhibitor

[114]

Etoposide

Notch1 upregulation

[109]

Cytochalasin D

Wnt 5a upregulation

[109]

Vitamin C

Nutrient vital that lower reactiveoxygen species

[110]

Chaetocin

Histone Methyltransferase Inhibition

[109]

Pifithrin-α

Inhibitor of p53-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, reduced p53 activity augments reprogramming efficiency of human and mouse somatic cells

[111]

Pifithrin-μ

Inhibitor of p53 mitochondrial pathway by reducing its affinity for antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL but does not affect any additional transcriptional functions of p53

[112]

DNMT1

Inhibition promote fully reprogramming

[79]

HDACs

Inhibition increase the efficiency of reprogramming

[85]

G 9a

Increase the efficiency of reprogramming

[53]