Baseline

4 W

8 W

TSE

Placebo

TSE

Placebo

TSE

Placebo

R7 (Skin firmness)

0.359 ± 0.044

0.365 ± 0.048

0.416 ± 0.091

(0.056 ± 0.090*)

0.370 ± 0.100

(0.004 ± 0.108)

0.356 ± 0.068*

(−0.003 ± 0.057*)

0.308 ± 0.069

(−0.058 ± 0.075)

R1 (Return to original skin, mm)

0.052 ± 0.013

0.049 ± 0.014

0.030 ± 0.014*

(−0.022 ± 0.020*)

0.042 ± 0.017

(−0.007 ± 0.022)

0.044 ± 0.021*

(−0.008 ± 0.014*)

0.056 ± 0.014

(0.007 ± 0.021)

R2 (Gross elasticity, ratio)

0.641 ± 0.065

0.064 ± 0.093

0.739 ± 0.121*

(0.098 ± 0.126)

0.665 ± 0.142

(0.020 ± 0.198)

0.712 ± 0.180

(0.069 ± 0.099)

0.642 ± 0.096

(−0.003 ± 0.138)

R3 (Last maximal amplitude, mm)

0.143 ± 0.029

0.144 ± 0.035

0.115 ± 0.026

(−0.028 ± 0.038)

0.125 ± 0.026

(−0.019 ± 0.037)

0.148 ± 0.053

(0.004 ± 0.047)

0.160 ± 0.027

(0.016 ± 0.049)

R4 (Last minimal amplitude, mm)

0.052 ± 0.013

0.049 ± 0.014

0.030 ± 0.014*

(−0.022 ± 0.020*)

0.042 ± 0.017

(−0.007 ± 0.022)

0.044 ± 0.021*

(−0.008 ± 0.014*)

0.056 ± 0.014

(0.007 ± 0.021)

R5 (Net elasticity, ratio)

0.533 ± 0.071

0.539 ± 0.080

0.572 ± 0.110*

(0.039 ± 0.127)

0.507 ± 0.124

(−0.032 ± 0.129)

0.481 ± 0.145*

(−0.049 ± 0.083*)

0.413 ± 0.089

(−0.125 ± 0.103)

R6 (Viscoelasticity, ratio)

0.483 ± 0.095

0.473 ± 0.143

0.381 ± 0.095

(−0.103 ± 0.139)

0.384 ± 0.096

(−0.089 ± 0.169)

0.348 ± 0.111

(−0.126 ± 0.112)

0.349 ± 0.074

(−0.124 ± 0.149)

R8 (Total recovery, mm)

0.092 ± 0.021

0.095 ± 0.030

0.086 ± 0.024

(−0.006 ± 0.028)

0.083 ± 0.029

(−0.012 ± 0.039)

0.105 ± 0.040

(0.012 ± 0.042)

0.104 ± 0.029

(0.009 ± 0.045)

R9 (Skin fatigue, mm)

0.000 ± 0.000

0.000 ± 0.000

0.000 ± 0.000

0.000 ± 0.000

0.000 ± 0.000

0.000 ± 0.000