Stress factor | Developed by 13 items for stress from practicuums were adapted and used. Issues related to the practicum facility Issues related to the nursing course Issues related to the practicum record and self-learning Issues related to practicum times Issues related to the duration of the practicum, expenses for travel and accommodation | Free descriptions in a self-administered questionnaire on stress were categorized into the following: “Inexperience, anxiety, and nervousness associated with reporting”; “frustration, anxiety, and nervousness accompanying a lack of practical nursing skills”; “difficulties in adjusting time for nursing support and observation”; “hesitation and a sense of isolation in male students when providing nursing support”; “a sense of bewilderment due to the gap in approaches to instructions between teachers and clinical instructors.” | |||
Sense of coherence | Measurement was performed based on total scores for 13 SOC items. Total SOC scores were 54.6 ± 9.5. No changes in SOC were observed between before the practicum and weeks 1, 2, or 3 of the practicum. | ||||
Stress-coping behavior | Twelve items adapted from a stress and coping scale as well as free descriptions. There was a moderate negative correlation for the “problem-focused” type. Participants with a higher level of stress could not practice problem-focused-type coping. | Measurement was performed using the Coping Strategy Scale For a practicum in ward settings, the number of “problem-focused” participants was higher than that of “emotion-centered” ones. “Problem-focused” participants engaged in stress-coping behaviors such as “preparing for the practicum by learning necessary knowledge beforehand.” |