| Women | Men | χ2 | ||||||
He/she is not involved | Perpetration | Victimisation | Mutual | He/she is not involved | Perpetration | Victimisation | Mutual | ||
INVADING SPACES | 35.8 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 44.1 | 49.1 | 9.7 | 13.3 | 27.9 | 18.37*** |
6) Getting what you want from your partner due to fatigue, getting it due to his/her burnout | 75.5 | 10.1 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 78.7 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 5.3 | 10.31** |
10) Monopolising the use of common spaces or elements | 84.1 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 88.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 5.42 |
15) Interrupting, not listening, not answering, manipulating the message | 68.3 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 15.8 | 73.1 | 6.7 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 11.19** |
17) Reading messages or e-mails without permission or listening to telephone conversations | 77.9 | 10.6 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 81.2 | 3.9 | 10.9 | 3.9 | 29.02*** |
18) Not expressing his/her feelings, often shutting down emotionally | 65.4 | 9.5 | 14.6 | 10.5 | 69.2 | 12.3 | 10.4 | 8.1 | 8.21* |
19) Making excuses to justify himself/herself | 73.6 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 75.1 | 9.2 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 3.37 |
20) Cheating, lying, not honouring what has been agreed | 87.7 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 2.1 | 85.7 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 2.2 | 2.15 |
22) Calling fidelity into question | 84.6 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 80.1 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 3.4 | 8.78 |
23) Threatening to leave the relationship and have an affair with someone else | 92.2 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 89.4 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 1.1 | 10.42** |
24) Making his/her partner feel sorry for him/her | 87.9 | 2.6 | 8.0 | 1.4 | 84.3 | 3.9 | 9.0 | 2.8 | 5.66 |
CREATING INSECURITY | 59.6 | 15.6 | 5.7 | 19.1 | 67.3 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 17.6 | 13.35** |
1) Frightening the partner through his/her tone of voice, glance or gestures | 83.6 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 6.4 | 90.8 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 19.03*** |
4) Not respecting his/her partner’s opinions and rights | 82.5 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 83.5 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 5.0 | 4.81 |
5) Not respecting his/her partner’s feelings | 86.9 | 2.5 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 86.6 | 2.2 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 3.78 |
13) Creating insecurity or feelings of guilt by insinuating or manipulating emotions | 82.0 | 5.6 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 84.6 | 2.5 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 6.08 |
14) Getting angry or making surly or aggressive comments unexpectedly without knowing the reason | 78.9 | 10.1 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 84.0 | 3.4 | 9.0 | 3.6 | 19.22*** |
CONFINEMENT TO A TRADITIONAL ROLE | 65.2 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 60.1 | 12.7 | 5.5 | 12.7 | 6.35 |
12) Discouraging his/her partner, making studying or working harder for him/her | 95.2 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 92.4 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 6.17 |
16) Seeing his/her partner as a child who needs to be cared for or protected | 73.0 | 14.8 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 78.7 | 10.6 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 5.48 |
21) Neglecting his/her domestic responsibilities | 81.7 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 2.8 | 88.8 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 24.34*** |
EXERCISING CONTROL | 72.6 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 15.1 | 81.2 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 11.5 | 5.83 |
7) Controlling his/her partner’s money or expenses | 91.4 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 92.2 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.73 |
8) Controlling his/her partner’s schedules, meetings or activities | 80.0 | 3.0 | 6.3 | 10.7 | 86.0 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 8,97* |
9) Complaining at his/her partner so that he/she goes out or relate to his/her family and friends | 88.3 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 2.5 | 90.8 | 1.7 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 1.90 |
UNDERESTIMATING | 64.1 | 9.1 | 6.8 | 20.1 | 72.1 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 17.6 | 8,21* |
2) Making important decisions without taking his/her partner’s opinion into account | 71.9 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 14.8 | 70.3 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 17.4 | 10.41** |
3) Change decisions made by his/her partner | 85.2 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 87.7 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 11.17** |
25) Downplaying the importance of duties or activities performed by his/her partner | 85.9 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 86.8 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 0.50 |