Code | Indicator | Variable | Statement or variable description |
1 | Livelihood protection threshold | Survival | There has been a positive change in household capacity to meet their survival threshold resulting from growing avocado (which is a perennial crop) compared to annual crop farming |
Protection | There has been a positive change in the capacity of households to meet their livelihood protection threshold due to improved earnings from avocado production | ||
Restore | There has been a substantial improvement in the restoration of livelihoods compared with the conventional crop production | ||
Coping strategies | There has been a positive change in households’ coping strategies following the engagement in the production of avocado for export | ||
2 | Ownership and access to productive asset | Improvement in asset quality | There has been a positive change in the quality of productive assets owned or accessed by farmers, following earning more income from avocado production |
Ownership of, and access to productive assets | There has been an increase in ownership and access to productive assets as a result of earning more money from avocado production | ||
Ability to recover lost assets | There has been a significant improvement in the ability of smallholder farmers to recover the lost livelihood productive assets and infrastructure as a result of earning more income from avocado production | ||
3 | Productivity enhancement | Improved productivity | There has been a positive change in farm productivity following the adoption of avocado production for export market |
Reduced production loss | There has been a positive change in production losses due to improved avocado farming systems | ||
4 | Diversification of income | Increased net income | There has been a positive change in the net income following the engagement in avocado production for export market |
Diversified income | Sources of income have diversified more as a result of engagement in avocado production for the export market | ||
Employment | There has been a positive change in the number of people employed or self-employed in both farm and non-farm sectors | ||
Strengthened entrepreneurship | There has been a positive change in smallholder farmers’ entrepreneurship capacity | ||
5 | Gaining and applying new knowledge and skills | Gaining new knowledge and skills | The number of people equipped with new knowledge and skills that were introduced by avocado exporting companies has increased |
Applying new knowledge and skills | The number of people applying new knowledge and skills introduced by avocado exporting companies has increased |