Cluster ID

Size

Silhouette

Label (LLR)

0

40

0.974

computer-mediated communication (11.52, 0.001); quantitative l2 research (9.59, 0.005); meta-analysis (9.12, 0.005); empirical research (6.77, 0.01); l2 research (5.94, 0.05)

1

24

0.967

second language research (9.56, 0.005); challenge (9.56, 0.005); choice (9.56, 0.005); concurrent verbal report (4.68, 0.05); second language acquisition research (4.68, 0.05)

3

23

0.949

computer-mediated communication (23.3, 1.0E−4); empirical research (13.39, 0.001); oral proficiency development (8.75, 0.005); study-abroad program (4.29, 0.05); learning outcome (4.29, 0.05)

8

13

0.965

achievement (6.68, 0.01); self-efficacy (6.68, 0.01); sla (6.68, 0.01); meta-analysis (2.37, 0.5); methodological synthesis (1.15, 0.5)

14

7

0.977

l2 writing (3.49, 0.1); research (3.49, 0.1); corrective feedback (3.49, 0.1); effectiveness (3.49, 0.1); quantitative l2 research (1.21, 0.5)

18

6

0.989

motivational self system (8.41, 0.005); meta-analysis (3.97, 0.05); methodological synthesis (0.57, 0.5); quantitative l2 research (0.48, 0.5); l2 research (0.3, 1.0)