Variable

ADF Test at Level

ADF Test at First Difference

Conclusion

GDP (Billion Rs.)

6.18 (1.00)

−4.94 (0.00)

I(1)

Education (Secondary School Enrollment)

0.30 (0.97)

−5.62 (0.00)

I(1)

Life Expectancy at Birth

5.03 (0.99)

−3.53 (0.05)

I(1)

Expenditure Decentralization

−2.21 (0.20)

−10.27 (0.00)

I(1)

Revenue Decentralization

−4.06 (0.01)

-

I(0)

Composite Decentralization

−1.98 (0.28)

−6.82(0.00)

I(1)

Total Labor Force (Million)

7.77 (1.00)

−3.66(0.00)

I(1)

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Constant US$ Billion)

−3.29 (0.08)

I(0)

Trade to GDP Ratio

−0.44 (0.51)

−7.12 (0.00)

I(1)

Employment Rate

−1.94 (0.30)

−6.33 (0.00)

I(1)

Education Expenditures (% of GDP)

−3.46 (0.01)

-

I(0)

Health Expenditures (Million Rs.)

−1.38 (0.99)

−3.61(0.01)

I(1)

Number of Physicians ( Number)

−8.97 (0.00)

-

I(0)